Validity of Ultra-Short-Term HRV Analysis Using PPG—A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Continuous measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) in the short and ultra-short-term using wearable devices allows monitoring of physiological status and prevention of diseases. This study aims to evaluate the agreement of HRV features between a commercial device (Bora Band, Biosency) measuring photoplethysmography (PPG) and reference electrocardiography (ECG) and to assess the validity of ultra-short-term HRV as a surrogate for short-term HRV features. PPG and ECG recordings were acquired from 5 healthy subjects over 18 nights in total. HRV features include time-domain, frequency-domain, nonlinear, and visibility graph features and are extracted from 5 min 30 s and 1 min 30 s duration PPG recordings. The extracted features are compared with reference features of 5 min 30 s duration ECG recordings using repeated-measures correlation, Bland–Altman plots with 95% limits of agreements, Cliff’s delta, and an equivalence test. Results showed agreement between PPG recordings and ECG reference recordings for 37 out of 48 HRV features in short-term durations. Sixteen of the forty-eight HRV features were valid and retained very strong correlations, negligible to small bias, with statistical equivalence in the ultra-short recordings (1 min 30 s). The current study concludes that the Bora Band provides valid and reliable measurement of HRV features in short and ultra-short duration recordings.

Real-Time Evaluation of Time-Domain Pulse Rate Variability Parameters in Different Postures and Breathing Patterns Using Wireless Photoplethysmography Sensor: Towards Remote Healthcare in Low-Resource Communities

“…Moreover, in the sitting posture, in comparison with [41] (Shown in Table 7), the short-term RMSSD indicators presented a considerable advantage (R 2 = 0.82 vs. R 2 = 0.56). On the other hand, the IBI, SDNN, and RMSSD presented better correlations in comparison to the Bora Band validated in [42] (Shown in Table 8). The deep breathing indicators performed slightly less in comparison to the state-of-the-art static BioSign system [43] (Shown in Table 9).…”

“…PRV accuracy comparison with the Bora Band device validated in[42] for the sitting posture while breathing at regular intervals.…”

Heart Rate Variability Analysis on Electrocardiograms, Seismocardiograms and Gyrocardiograms of Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Valvular Heart Diseases

“…VHDs are usually diagnosed by echocardiography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging [ 9 ], which are not feasible in outpatient monitoring [ 11 ]. This problem has been addressed by applying various methods [ 12 , 13 ], including exercise electrocardiography (ECG) [ 14 ], seismocardiography (SCG) or gyrocardiography (GCG), which register the current mechanical function of the heart with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) placed on the chest wall [ 11 , 15 , 16 ].…”

A Review of Methods and Applications for a Heart Rate Variability Analysis

“…Validation Studies: This research aims to compare the measures of heart rate v bility (HRV) derived from ultra-short recordings with standard recordings in same individuals. The purpose is to assess the level of agreement and identify potential inconsistencies between the two methods [22]. A predicament arises when attempting to compare the outcomes derived from ultrashort ECG recordings with those acquired from normal ECG recordings.…”

“…Validation Studies: This research aims to compare the measures of heart rate variability (HRV) derived from ultra-short recordings with standard recordings in the same individuals. The purpose is to assess the level of agreement and identify any potential inconsistencies between the two methods [22].…”