Validity of the Wescor's sweat conductivity analyzer for the assessment of sweat electrolyte concentrations

Boisvert, P; Candas, Victor

doi:10.1007/bf00609413

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, these methods only facilitate measurement of skin surface electrolyte concentration at a given time. The amount of sweat electrolytes can also be estimated by measurement of the sweat electrical conductivity (Boisvert and Candas 1994;Heeley et al 2000;Webster and Quirante 2000). However, these methods for measuring sweat conductivity have limitations at very low levels (at the onset) of sweat and for long periods of continuous measurement, because they are used to collect sweat for particular periods (>10 min) and they sometimes fail to allow for low concentration or insufficient volumes of sweat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test this, we measured the index of sweat ion concentration by a new method (Shamsuddin and Togawa 1998) that is advantageous because it overcomes some of the aforementioned limitations of the earlier methods (Boisvert and Candas 1994;Heeley et al 2000;Webster and Quirante 2000) and can be used over long periods of time to obtain continuous measurement with differing sweat rates. Also, it can test the possibility that the ion reabsorption capacity could be detected continuously by using the relationship between sweat rate and sweat conductivity that may reflect the sweat ion concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the index of sweat ion concentration with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans

et al. 2005

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To investigate the pattern changes in the index of sweat ion concentration at skin surface with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans, we measured conductivity of the perfused water with sweat as the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate, continuously at the chest skin surface. Eight healthy subjects (22.4 +/-1.0 years) were passively heated by lower-leg immersion in a hot water bath of 42 degrees C for 50 min in an ambient temperature of 28 degrees C and relative humidity of 50%. The internal temperature (Tor) thresholds of sweat rate and index of sweat ion concentration were almost similar. Concomitant onset for the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate occurred but two types of linear regression lines were identified in the relationship between the index of sweat ion concentration and sweat rate at a boundary sweat rate value of 0.30 +/- 0.08 mg cm(-2) min(-1). The slope of the regression line at low levels of sweat (slope 0.02 +/- 0.01 V mg(-1) cm(-2) min(-1)) was significantly gradual compared with that at moderate levels of sweat (slope 0.30 +/- 0.08 V mg(-1) cm(-2) min(-1)) (P<0.05). These results suggest that at low levels of sweat the index of sweat ion concentration responds gradually with respect to sweat rate, which may be due to the ion reabsorption capacity of the sweat duct, and then the index of sweat ion concentration increased steeply with sweat rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the index of sweat ion concentration with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans

et al. 2005

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“…The determination of sweat composition using a closed-pouch sweat collector (Brisson et al 1991) has been validated against other local sweat collection (Boisvert and Candas 1994) and whole-body wash-down techniques (Patterson et al 2000); however, the reproducibility of this technique has not yet been established. Shirreffs and Maughan (1997) established the reproducibility of a whole-body wash-down technique for determination of sweat composition; however the reported coefficients of variation were high (15-23%) and were likely to be related to differences in sweat rate between trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reproducibility of closed-pouch sweat collection and thermoregulatory responses to exercise?heat stress

Hayden

Milne

Patterson

et al. 2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Seven active male subjects cycled for 60 min at 29.5 (0.8)% peak work rate on three separate occasions in a hot environmental condition [36.0 (0.1) degrees C, 60 (1)% relative humidity] in order to determine the reproducibility of a closed-pouch sweat collection technique for sweat composition at the scapula, forearm and thigh. To confirm that sweat composition was not influenced by between-trial variations in sudomotor drive, local sweat rate, whole-body sweat rate, heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (T(re)) and mean skin temperature (T(sk)) responses were also measured, consequently reproducibility was also established for these variables. Sweat composition did not differ among trials, with the mean coefficients of variation (CVs) for sweat [Na(+)], [K(+)] and pH being 10.4 (7.4)%, 8.1 (6.5)% and 1.3 (1.1)%, respectively. Local sweat rates did not differ among the three trials (P>0.05) although whole-body sweat rate was reduced in the third trial (P<0.05). The mean CVs were 11.0 (7.8)% and 4.7 (1.6)% for local and whole-body sweat rates, respectively. Between-trial differences were not evident for T(re), T(sk) or HR with mean CVs of 0.3 (0.2)%, 0.7 (0.6)% and 3.9 (1.7)%, respectively, although HR tended to be greater in the first trial ( P=0.08). It is proposed that moderate variations in sweat composition were influenced by variations in the local sweat rate, which were induced by application of the pouch.

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“…Both are largely confined to screening in clinical applications and are not approved by the CFF. Wescor's sweat conductivity analyzer is one such technique of note 26 . Sweat was induced by 60 minutes of exercise and collected by closed-pouch collector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A wearable electrochemical sensor for the real-time measurement of sweat sodium concentration

Schazmann¹,

et al. 2010

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We report a new easier method for the quantitative analysis of sodium in human sweat. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time this has been done successfully in a real-time manner. We consolidate sweat stimulation, collection and analysis functions into a single method. This temporal data opens up new possibilities in the study of human physiology, broadly applicable from assessing athletic performance and hydration levels to monitoring Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sufferers. Our compact Sodium Sensor Belt (SSB) consists of a sodium selective Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) integrated into a platform that can be interfaced with the human body during exercise. No skin cleaning regime or sweat storage technology is required as samples is continually wicked from skin to a sensing surface and on to a waste terminal via a fabric pump. After an initial equilibration period, a sodium plateau concentration was reached and monitored continuously. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used as a refe rence method, confirming accuracy. The plateau concentrations observed fell within expected literature ranges, further confirming accuracy. Daily calibration 2 repeatability (n=4) was ±3.0% RSD and over a three month period reproducibility was ±12.1% RSD (n=56). As a further application, we attempted to monitor the sweat of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sufferers using the same device. We observed high sodium concentrations symptomatic of CF (~60mM Na + ) for 2 CF patients, with no conclusive results for the remaining patients due to their limited exercising capability. The real-time monitoring of hydration levels during physical exercise for health and performance purposes is a particularly promising application for the SSB at present.

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Validity of the Wescor's sweat conductivity analyzer for the assessment of sweat electrolyte concentrations

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in the index of sweat ion concentration with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans

Changes in the index of sweat ion concentration with increasing sweat during passive heat stress in humans

The reproducibility of closed-pouch sweat collection and thermoregulatory responses to exercise?heat stress

A wearable electrochemical sensor for the real-time measurement of sweat sodium concentration

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