Validity of the Male Depression Risk Scale in a representative Canadian sample: sensitivity and specificity in identifying men with recent suicide attempt

Ogrodniczuk

et al. 2020

CMAR

Self Cite

Background: Prostate cancer is a risk factor for major depressive disorder. Recent psychooncology research suggests a potential role for male-specific mood-related symptoms in this relationship. Gender socialisation experiences may reinforce men's anger and emotion suppression responses in times of distress, and anger and emotion suppression may be implicated in pathways to, and maintenance of depression in prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: Data were collected online from men with a self-reported diagnosis of prostate cancer (N=100; mean age 64.8 years). Respondents provided information regarding diagnosis and treatment, in addition to current experience of major depression and male-specific externalising symptoms. Results: Prostate cancer diagnosis in the last 12 months occurred for 35.4% of the sample. Elevated major depression symptoms were observed for 49% of respondents, with 14% endorsing past 2-week suicide ideation. Parallel mediation analysis (99% CIs) controlling for prostatectomy and active surveillance indicated men's emotion suppression mediated the relationship between anger and depression symptoms (R 2 =0.580). Trichotimised emotion suppression scores with control variables yielded a large multivariate effect (p<0.001, partial η 2 =0.199). Univariate moderate-sized effects were observed for emotion suppression comparisons for symptoms of depressed mood and sleep disturbance, and a large effect observed for guilt-proneness. Conclusion: Findings highlight the salience of anger in the experience of depression symptoms for men with prostate cancer. The mediating role of emotion suppression, which in turn was strongly linked to men's feelings of guilt, suggests potential assessment and intervention targets. Future work should examine the role of androgen deprivation therapy and other treatments including active surveillance on the relationship between anger and depression in men with prostate cancer. Consideration of interventions focused on emotion processing skills in psycho-oncology settings may help reduce men's reliance on emotion suppression as a strategy for coping with feelings of anger or guilt in the context of prostate cancer.Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have a heightened risk for major depressive disorder, 1,2 with rates exceeding those seen in the general male population. 3,4 This finding has been linked to the unmet psychosocial needs of this population following diagnosis, 5 in addition to prostate cancer-related symptoms, 6 and treatmentinduced side effects including sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence. 7-9 Even those men on active surveillance are at high risk for depression 10 whereby a decline Correspondence: Simon

supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>The Cost of Bottling It Up: Emotion Suppression as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Anger and Depression Among Men with Prostate Cancer</p>

Ogrodniczuk

et al. 2020

CMAR

Self Cite

“…Following this, research exploring whether novel assessment tools may assist in the early identification of young men at risk for depression. One such self-report instrument is the Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22;Rice, Fallon, Aucote, & Möller-Leimkühler, 2013), validated in general populations of Australian and Canadian men (Rice, et al, 2018b) to assess broad externalizing domains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Externalizing depression symptoms among Canadian males with recent suicidal ideation: A focus on young men

Early Intervention Psych

Oliffe

et al. 2018

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“…To date, the most widely validated of the currently available male-specific tools is the Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS; [ 26 ]). Developed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the MDRS has shown test-retest stability [ 27 ], in addition to good sensitivity in detecting men’s suicide risk and cross-nation factor structure stability [ 28 ]. The MDRS progresses the early pioneering work of the Gotland research programme into men’s depression, established in Sweden in the 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male-Type and Prototypal Depression Trajectories for Men Experiencing Mental Health Problems

Seidler

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Growing interest in gender-sensitive assessment of depression in men has seen the development of male-specific screening tools. These measures are yet to be subject to longitudinal latent modelling, which limits evidence about the ability of these tools to detect change, especially relative to established screening scales. In this study, three waves of data were collected from 234 men (38.35 years, SD = 14.09) including 3- and 6-month follow-up. Analyses focused on baseline differences and symptom trajectories for the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ; prototypic symptoms) and the Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS; male-type symptoms). At baseline, men not accessing treatment reported higher MDRS scores relative to treatment-engaged men. There was no group difference for the PHQ. Internal consistency (α, ω) coefficients indicated comparable reliability for both measures across the three waves. Multidomain latent growth modelling, including current treatment engagement as a covariate, reported good model fit (CFI = 0.964, TLI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.081, SRMR = 0.033) with differential findings for the PHQ and MDRS. Consistent with the baseline between-group analysis, current treatment effects were observed for the MDRS, but not the PHQ. Trajectory modelling for the MDRS indicated that greater severity resulted in slower improvement by 6 months. In contrast, there was no difference in the PHQ rate of change between baseline and 6 months. Findings support the psychometric utility of the MDRS as a male-specific symptom domain measure sensitive to both longitudinal change and potential treatment effects for symptomatic men, in ways not discernible by the PHQ. The MDRS may be a useful adjunctive screening tool for assessing men’s depression.