Validity of the GAD-7 scale as an outcome measure of disability in patients with generalized anxiety disorders in primary care

Ruiz, Miguel Á.; Zamorano, Enric; Garcı́a-Campayo, Javier; Pardo, Antonio; Freire, Olga; Rejas, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.07.010

Cited by 227 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The reliability and validity of the GAD-7 have been tested and supported by a number of studies in both the general population and patients with psychopathology [18] [19,20]. The GAD-7 has been validated by significant positive correlations with a number of anxiety measures, including the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the anxiety sub-scale of Symptom Checklist-90 [17,21] and it has previously been used as a screening tool in epilepsy [22].…”

Section: Generalised Anxiety Disorder (Gad-7) Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective service evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy

Dewhurst

Nováková

Reuber

2015

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Objective: The aim of this service evaluation was to explore the effectiveness of a psychotherapeutic treatment for patients with epilepsy based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) approach and to assess whether this treatment is likely to be cost-effective. Method:We conducted an uncontrolled prospective study of consecutive patients with refractory epilepsy referred for outpatient psychological treatment to a single psychotherapist because of emotional difficulties related to their seizure disorder. Participants were referred by consultant neurologists, neuropsychologists or epilepsy nurses and completed a set of validated self-report questionnaires (Short Form -12 Version 2, Generalised Anxiety Disorder -7, Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy, Work and Social Adjustment Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) at referral, the end of therapy and six months post therapy. Patients received a maximum of 20 sessions of one-to-one psychological treatment supported by a workbook. Cost-effectiveness was estimated based on the calculation of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains associated with the intervention.Results: Sixty patients completed the pre-and post-psychotherapy questionnaires, 41 also provided six-month follow-up data. Patients received six to 20 sessions of psychotherapy (mean = 11.5, S.D. = 9.6). Psychotherapy was associated with significant medium to large positive effects on depression, anxiety, quality of life, self-esteem, work and social adjustment (Ps < .001), which were sustained six months after therapy. The mean cost of the psychotherapy was £445.6 and, assuming that benefits were maintained for at least six months after the end of therapy, the cost per QALY was estimated to be £11,140 ( 9, $18,016; the cost per QALY would be half this amount if the benefits lasted one year). Conclusion:The findings of this pilot study indicate that the described psychotherapeutic intervention may be a cost-effective treatment for patients with epilepsy. The results suggest that randomised controlled trial of the psychotherapy programme is justified.

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Section: Generalised Anxiety Disorder (Gad-7) Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective service evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy

Dewhurst

Nováková

Reuber

2015

Epilepsy & Behavior

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“…Feasibility and reliability were also excellent and the scale was shown to be one-dimensional through factor analysis, with an explained variance of 72%. Moreover, this version of the scale has been validated to measure disability in Spanish PC patients with GAD (Ruiz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for generalized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centers with the GAD-7

Muñoz-Navarro

Vindel

Moriana

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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The aim of the study was to determine the criterion validity of a computerized version of the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire to detect general anxiety disorder 1 These authors contributed the same to this work 2 These authors contributed the same to this work in Spanish primary care centers. A total of 178 patients completed the GAD-7 and were administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, which was used as a reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. A cut-off of 10 yielded a sensitivity of .87, a specificity of .78, a positive predictive value of .93, a negative predictive value of .64, a positive likelihood ratio of 3.96 a negative likelihood ratio of .17 and Younden's Index of .65. The GAD-7 performed very well with a cut-off value of 10, the most frequently used cut-off point. Thus, a computerized version of the GAD-7 is an excellent screening tool for detecting general anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care settings.

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“…It comprises seven items regarding the frequency of anxiety symptoms within the past two weeks (of responding to the questionnaire): having difficulties in relaxing; worrying too much about normal life situations; feeling agitated; on edge and scared about future events; and being easily irritable (Swinson, 2006). After (Ruiz at al, 2011), the questionnaire provides four variants of responses depending on the frequency of the symptoms: no problem at all (0 points), several days of having symptoms (1 point), more than half the days in the last two weeks (2 points) and symptoms nearly every day (3 points). Furthermore, the results are divided into classes of anxiety severity according to the scores: below 5 points refers to no anxiety symptoms, 5 to 9 points indicates mild anxiety, 10 to 14 shows moderate anxiety and a score of 15 to 21 points corresponds to severe anxiety.…”

Section: The Level Of Anxiety Was Assessed By the Generalised Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Behavior, Mental Health And Degree Of Physical Activity In Medical Students

Petreanu¹,

Mirică²,

Mirică³

et al. 2017

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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Medical students have an increased risk of developing psychological and eating disorders due to the academic stress and the degree of physical activity. The stress during the exam session affects eating attitudes, mental health and physical activity. The aim of the study was to analyse the eating behaviors, mental status and grades of physical activity before and during exam session in medical college students.We performed an analytical observational study in a population of 78 undergraduate 1 st and 2 nd year medical students (66 girls and 12 boys). Eating-related attitudes were studied using the EAT-26questionnaire. Anxiety and depression scores were evaluated with GAD7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires.Physical activity was also assessed. All of the questionnaires were given before and during the exam session. The scores of EAT 26 questionnaire reflect a normal reporting of dieting attitudes, regardless of the time of evaluation. Regarding assessment of anxiety (GAD7) and depression (PHQ-9), an increase in the number of cases of severe anxiety and depression during the exams session was shown. In addition, the physical activity index dropped significantly during the exam period. The academic and psychological stress during the exam session affected the mental status of the medical students causing an increase in the anxiety and depressions scores. Also, the physical activity diminished, emphasizing their psychological state. No significant changes in eating behavior were observed.

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Validity of the GAD-7 scale as an outcome measure of disability in patients with generalized anxiety disorders in primary care

Cited by 227 publications

References 31 publications

A prospective service evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy

A prospective service evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy

Screening for generalized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centers with the GAD-7

Eating Behavior, Mental Health And Degree Of Physical Activity In Medical Students

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