Validity of the family history method for identifying schizophrenia-related disorders

Li, Ge; Silverman, Jeremy M.; Smith, Christopher J.; Zaccario, Michele; Wentzel-Bell, Cecilia; Siever, Larry J.; Mohs, Richard C.; Davis, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(97)03120-x

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although a direct family interview would be more accurate (and would yield more powerful information), the FIRM is user friendly and stands a good chance of being implemented in settings where a direct interview may not be possible. On the other hand, the FIRM is not a good proxy for direct interviews of family members when family history is the main focus, consistent with the findings for other family history screens (Li et al, 1997). Clinicians who are familiar with genograms may want to draw one with the family before asking the parent to complete the FIRM, as this process has increased the yield of useful family history information in other studies (Baker, et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…We predicted only low to moderate kappa values when comparing family history checklist ratings to structured diagnostic interviews about specific relatives, for several reasons: (a) agreement about bipolar diagnoses is typically low when comparing clinical diagnoses to structured diagnostic interviews, with a recent meta-analysis finding K < .1 (Rettew, Lynch, Achenbach, Dumenci, & Ivanova, 2009); (b) mood diagnoses are especially prone to be misdiagnosed as a psychotic or antisocial disorder in minorities (DelBello, et al, 2001; Neighbors, et al, 2003; Strakowski, et al, 2003), who are over-represented in the present sample, and (c) the risk measure is asking for people’s recall of clinical diagnoses, which is prone to error (Weissman, et al, 2000) and also influenced to an unknown extent by differences in how families conceptualize mood and behavior problems (Li, Silverman, Smith, & Zaccario, 1997). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An inexpensive family index of risk for mood issues improves identification of pediatric bipolar disorder.

Algorta¹,

Youngstrom²,

Phelps³

et al. 2013

Psychological Assessment

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Family history of mental illness provides important information when evaluating pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, such information is often challenging to gather within clinical settings. This study investigates the feasibility and utility of gathering family history information using an inexpensive method practical for outpatient settings. Families (N=273) completed family history, rating scales, MINI and KSADS interviews about youths 5–18 (median=11) years presenting to an outpatient clinic. Primary caregivers completed a half page Family Index of Risk for Mood issues (FIRM). All families completed the FIRM quickly and easily. Most (78%) reported 1+ relatives having history of mood or substance issues, M=3.7 (SD=3.3). A simple sum of familial mood issues discriminated cases with PBD from all other cases, AUROC=.63, p=.006. FIRM scores were specific to youth mood disorder and not ADHD or disruptive behavior disorder. FIRM scores significantly improved the detection of PBD even controlling for rating scales. No subset of family risk items performed better than the total. Family history information showed clinically meaningful discrimination of PBD. Two different approaches to clinical interpretation showed validity in these clinically realistic data. Inexpensive and clinically practical methods of gathering family history can help to improve the detection of PBD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An inexpensive family index of risk for mood issues improves identification of pediatric bipolar disorder.

Algorta¹,

Youngstrom²,

Phelps³

et al. 2013

Psychological Assessment

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“…For example, whereas sensitivity was low (.39) for schizotypical or paranoid personality disorders, it was reasonably good (.72) for psychotic schizophrenia-related disorders (Li et al, 1997). Weissman et al (2000) found a wide range of sensitivities when comparing proband self-report to independent bestestimate diagnoses in family members, with the lowest sensitivities resulting for anxiety disorders (.23 for simple phobia, .40 for social phobia) and the highest for major depression (.87) and suicide attempts (.79).…”

Section: Nicotine and Tobacco Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using estimates provided by the family study method as the gold standard, the family history method, on average, shows a moderate to low sensitivity and a high specificity for conditions such as schizophrenia-related disorders (Li et al, 1997), affective and psychotic disorders (Davies, Sham, Gilvarry, Jones, & Murray, 1997), and dementia (Heun, Hardt, Burkart, & Maier, 1996). Thus, within the field of psychiatry, the prevalence of complex diagnostic phenotypes typically is underestimated through exclusive reliance on the family history method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement between proband and parental self-report of smoking behavior and nicotine dependence

Marks

Swan

Pomerleau

et al. 2003

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Although investigators have used family history methods to investigate familial clustering of disorders such as depressive disorder, alcoholism, coronary heart disease, and cancer, research of this type is relatively new to the field of smoking. We examined agreement between proband report of parental smoking behavior and parent's self-reported smoking behavior in 126 proband-parent pairs. Probands were either never, current, or exsmokers; parents were either current or exsmokers. Agreement between proband and parent was better for smoking behaviors when the parent was a current smoker. We found good proband-parent agreement for some smoking behaviors when the parent was a current smoker (e.g., age started smoking [mean (SD) difference between proband and parental report, 1.36 years (9.07 years)], and cigarettes per day and brand smoked [kappa=.49 and.56, respectively]) but poor agreement for items that may represent more complex or less observable indicators of nicotine dependence, regardless of parental smoking status. Reliability was excellent for probands of either current- or exsmoker parents for smoking status (kappa=.92). As a result of probands' difficulty in reliably answering several items that comprise the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) (e.g., number of minutes to parent's first cigarette of the day, whether parent smoked more in the morning than during the rest of the day) and the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) diagnosis (e.g., sleep difficulties and difficulty concentrating during nicotine withdrawal), reliability for an FTQ score >/=7 (kappa=.067) and the DSM-IV nicotine dependence diagnosis (kappa=.28) was poor. Our findings should aid investigators in defining the limits of proband reports of parental smoking behavior and identify opportunities for the development of better approaches for the assessment of familial nicotine dependence.

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“…Heun & Muller, 1998; Hudson, 1983; Li et al, 1997; Orvaschel, Thompson, Belanger, Prusoff, & Kidd, 1982), and acceptable reliability and validity have been demonstrated for most (Hardt & Franke, 2007). However, there is consistent evidence (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The reliability and validity of the family history method for assessing pathological gambling and gambling involvement.

Ellingson

Slutske

Martin

2010

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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The family history (FH) method, which involves the use of an informant to gather information about one or more family members, has been used in a number of previous gambling studies. However, no evaluation of the reliability and validity has been conducted on the use of the FH method for assessing pathological gambling (PG) and gambling involvement. The current study examined the test-retest and inter-rater reliability and the validity of the FH method for assessing PG and gambling involvement among a large community-based sample of adult twins (N ϭ 4,764) reporting on their parents, co-twins, and spouses. The test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities of the FH reports of PG were high. Validity of the FH reports of PG was low, primarily because of substantial underestimation of pathology (low sensitivity). The test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities of the FH reports of gambling involvement (ever gambled, ever gambled monthly, and ever gambled weekly) were moderate and the sensitivities were quite high. The results of this study support the use of the FH method for studies of PG and gambling involvement. A number of potential explanations for the low sensitivity of FH reports of PG are elaborated.

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Validity of the family history method for identifying schizophrenia-related disorders

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

An inexpensive family index of risk for mood issues improves identification of pediatric bipolar disorder.

An inexpensive family index of risk for mood issues improves identification of pediatric bipolar disorder.

Agreement between proband and parental self-report of smoking behavior and nicotine dependence

The reliability and validity of the family history method for assessing pathological gambling and gambling involvement.

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