Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: a multicenter study

Carlson, Eve B.; Putnam, Frank W.; Ross, Colin A.; Torem, Moshe S.; Coons, Philip M.; Dill, Diana L.; Loewenstein, Richard J.; Braun, Bennett G.

doi:10.1176/ajp.150.7.1030

Cited by 399 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This prevalence is largely comparable to figures reported in a large national representative study of adults, i.e., 5.9 % (Grant et al 2008) and in a community population of 11 to 14-year-olds: moderate BPD, male: 8.3 %; female: 11.5 %; severe BPD, male: 2.8 %; female: 3.8 % (Bernstein et al 1993). Frequencies of sleep problems are reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Sleep Problems in Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence

Lereya

Winsper

Tang

et al. 2016

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and nightmares, are commonly associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in adulthood. Whether nightmares and sleep-onset and maintenance problems predate BPD symptoms earlier in development is unknown. We addressed this gap in the literature using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants included 6050 adolescents (51.4 % female) who completed the UK Childhood Interview for DSM-IV BPD at 11 to 12 years of age. Nightmares and sleep onset and maintenance problems were prospectively assessed via mother report when children were 2.5, 3.5, 4.8 and 6.8 years of age. Psychopathological (i.e., emotional temperament; psychiatric diagnoses; and emotional and behavioural problems) and psychosocial (i.e., abuse, maladaptive parenting, and family adversity) confounders were assessed via mother report. In logistic regressions, persistent nightmares (i.e., regular nightmares at 3 or more time-points) were significantly associated with BPD symptoms following adjustment for sleep onset and maintenance problems and all confounders (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.62; 95 % Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 2.32). Persistent sleep onset and maintenance problems were not significantly associated with BPD symptoms. In path analysis controlling for all associations between confounders, persistent nightmares independently predicted BPD symptoms (Probit co-efficient [β] = 0.08, p = 0.013). Emotional and behavioural problems significantly mediated the association between nightmares and BPD (β =0.016, p < 0.001), while nightmares significantly mediated associations between emotional temperament (β = 0.001, p = 0.018), abuse (β = 0.015, p = 0.018), maladaptive parenting (β = 0.002, p = 0.021) and subsequent BPD. These findings tentatively support that childhood nightmares may potentially increase the risk of BPD symptoms in early adolescence via a number of aetiological pathways. If replicated, the current findings could have important implications for early intervention, and assist clinicians in the identification of children at risk of developing BPD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0158-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Sleep Problems in Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence

Lereya

Winsper

Tang

et al. 2016

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Likewise, utilization of subfactors within the DES inventory better clarifies underlying constructs [40]. When TAS subfactors are considered, the positive dissociators reported more difficulty in identifying and reporting feelings, but experienced more daydreaming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Alexithymia, Dissociation and Personality in Psychiatric Outpatients

Wise¹,

Mann²,

Sheridan³

2000

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: The relationship between alexithymia and dissociation is not known. Both mechanisms ward off overwhelming affective states; hence, this report examines the relationship between dissociation, alexithymia, depressed mood and the five-factor model of personality in a sample of psychiatric outpatients. Methods: One hundred and sixteen outpatients were evaluated using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), NEO Five-Factor Inventory and visual analog scales assessing depression and anxiety. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, logistic regression and linear regression techniques. Results: Depressed mood accounted for the group differences between the global TAS and DES scores. Using DES both dimensionally and categorically with regression models, there was minimal contribution of DES or its subfactors to predict TAS. Conclusions: These data reaffirm previous findings that dissociation fundamentally differs from alexithymia. Dissociation involves a change of one’s sense, of self, whereas alexithymia reflects a cognitive state of externally oriented thinking with an inability to identify and report discrete emotions.

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“…(23) Patients with PMD and PNES also underwent diagnostic assessment using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) psychiatric disorders (24)(VV, WCL). Questionnaires were administered only after diagnosis of CD was established.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality traits in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and psychogenic movement disorder (PMD): Neuroticism and perfectionism

Ekanayake

Kranick

LaFaver

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective Psychogenic movement disorder (PMD) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are two subtypes of conversion disorder (CD). In this case-control study, we asked whether these subtypes varied as a function of personality and history of childhood abuse, using the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R). Methods Fifty-nine patients with PMD from the Human Motor Control Section Clinic at the National Institutes of Health, 43 patients with PNES from the Rhode Island Hospital Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Division, and 26 healthy volunteers (HC) received a battery of neurological, psychiatric and psychological assessments. Results One-way ANOVA between the three groups indicated significant differences in overall domains of Neuroticism (p=0.001) and Conscientiousness (p=0.009): Patients with PNES reported significantly greater levels of Neuroticism (p=0.002) and lower levels of Conscientiousness (p=0.023) than patients with PMD. Levels of Neuroticism remained significantly higher in both PMD and PNES than HC following correction for multiple comparisons. Patients with PNES reported greater levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, overall psychopathology, greater history of sexual abuse, greater levels of alexithymia, higher levels of dissociative symptoms, and an earlier age at which they experienced their most distressing traumatic event than patients with PMD. Conclusions These findings suggest that personality traits, type of abuse and age of onset of trauma varies as a function of CD subtype. Patients with PNES rated greater Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness than patients with PMD. These differing psychological profiles may inform differing treatment approaches such as psychological therapies for PNES and physiotherapy (with/without psychotherapy) for PMD.

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Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: a multicenter study

Cited by 399 publications

References 15 publications

Sleep Problems in Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence

Sleep Problems in Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence

Relationship between Alexithymia, Dissociation and Personality in Psychiatric Outpatients

Personality traits in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and psychogenic movement disorder (PMD): Neuroticism and perfectionism

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