Validity of temporo-spatial characteristics of gait as an index for fall risk screening in community-dwelling older people

Baba, Takahiro; Watanabe, Masato; Ogihara, Hirofumi; Handa, Shuichi; Sasamoto, Kazuhiro; Okada, S; Okuizumi, Hiroyasu; Kimura, Teiji

doi:10.1589/jpts.35.265

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Statistically significant differences were found in a few parameters when comparing between participants in the non-risk and potential risk of falling groups, including the RMS, Range, and summation of SA during S-TD, as well as the Range and SA during OLS ( Table 3 ). This study identified the risk group based on low gait speed and confirmed it with clinical tests such as the SPPB, as previously reported [ 22 , 24 , 27 , 28 ]. One potential factor could be attributed to the procedure of the data collection, which comprised ambulatory elderly participants, including those within the risk group, who retained the ability to walk independently on a daily basis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Participants in the fall risk group were classified based on their gait speed of less than 1 m/s [ 22 ]. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is an objective measurement instrument of balance, lower extremity strength, and functional capacity in older adults [ 23 ]; and the fall risk assessment test, Thai version (Thai-FRT), is composed of six factors, including history of falls, impaired balance, being female, specific medication used, impaired visual acuity and Thai style house [ 24 ], and used to differentiate among the potential risk and non-risk group. The demographic characteristics of the participants are shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility Study of a Prototype Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit for Elderly Postural Sway Assessment

Kongsawasdi,

Wiboonsuntharangkoon,

Tajarernmuang

et al. 2024

J Clin Med Res

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Background Falls are a major public health problem among older adults since they are a primary cause of injuries, functional decline and mortality. Identifying individuals susceptible to falls enables early intervention and prevention strategies. Currently, wearable sensors have emerged as a promising tool for assessing balance and mobility due to their affordability, compact size, and established efficacy. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based postural sway metrics during quiet stance with four different bases of support and compare them among elderly individuals who are at risk of falling and those who are not. Methods A triaxial IMU prototype was developed for evaluating postural sway during quiet stance, with various bases of support. Totally, 103 elderly participants with mean age of 68.5 ± 5.7 years were included. Sway metrics, including the root mean square (RMS) of magnitude, summation of range of signal (Range), summation of sway area (SA) and summation of distance (SD) were employed to detect sway perturbations. Results All of the sway metrics revealed a significantly increasing magnitude of signal trajectory with a decreasing base of support. When comparing IMU sway metrics between groups of individuals at potential risk and non-risk of falls, statistically significant differences were observed in some variables, including RMS, Range, and SA during semi-tandem stance, and Range and SA during one-leg standing. Conclusions The findings support earlier studies that demonstrated the objective nature of the IMU in assessing balance and predicting future risk of falls. Limited significant findings in this study may be due to the lower sampling rate of the IMU prototype (50 Hz) compared to commonly reported frequencies (100 Hz), as well as the inclusion of elderly ambulatory participants who were capable of being independent in their daily activities. The IMU is capable of providing comprehensive data, and detecting subtle changes, early signs of balance impairment and fall tendencies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of a Prototype Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit for Elderly Postural Sway Assessment

Kongsawasdi,

Wiboonsuntharangkoon,

Tajarernmuang

et al. 2024

J Clin Med Res

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“…Among these, six studies reported the fallers' cadence was lower [25,32,39,45,68,98]. Although another 10 studies observed lower values of cadence in fallers, no statistically significant difference was yielded [30,31,36,55,61,86,89,94,100,102]. No study reported higher values of cadence in fallers.…”

Section: Cadencementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Gait speed was the parameter most analyzed, namely in 50 studies that compared fallers and non-fallers. Regarding these studies, 29 reported the fallers' gait speed was lower than nonfallers [14,23,[25][26][27][30][31][32]34,37,39,43,[48][49][50][55][56][57]60,63,68,75,84,85,91,93,98,100,102]. Although another 17 studies observed lower values of gait speed in fallers, no statistically significant differences were yielded [22,24,28,36,58,[60][61][62]66,76,[80][81][82]86,89,91,94].…”

Section: Gait Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait Biomechanical Parameters Related to Falls in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

Silva,

Atalaia,

Abrantes

et al. 2024

Biomechanics

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According to the World Health Organization, one-third of elderly people aged 65 or over fall annually, and this number increases after 70. Several gait biomechanical parameters were associated with a history of falls. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to identify and describe the gait biomechanical parameters related to falls in the elderly. MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete were searched for articles on 22 November 2023, using the following search sentence: (gait) AND (fall*) AND ((elder*) OR (old*) OR (senior*)) AND ((kinematic*) OR (kinetic*) OR (biomechanic*) OR (electromyogram*) OR (emg) OR (motion analysis*) OR (plantar pressure)). This search identified 13,988 studies. From these, 96 were selected. Gait speed, stride/step length, and double support phase are gait biomechanical parameters that differentiate fallers from non-fallers. Fallers also tended to exhibit higher variability in gait biomechanical parameters, namely the minimum foot/toe clearance variability. Although the studies were scarce, differences between fallers and non-fallers were found regarding lower limb muscular activity and joint biomechanics. Due to the scarce literature and contradictory results among studies, it is complex to draw clear conclusions for parameters related to postural stability. Minimum foot/toe clearance, step width, and knee kinematics did not differentiate fallers from non-fallers.

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“…A longitudinal study of pregnant gait biomechanics demonstrates the increased falling risk during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy associated with changes in lower extremity kinematics and foot pressure alterations [ 34 ]. The assessment of gait velocity and heel strike angle using mobile inertial sensors has been shown to be essential kinematic indicators in a fall risk screening test [ 35 ]. Biomechanical video-based analysis shows that to ensure safe motion, pregnant women should not initiate gait until reaching a stable standing position after rising [ 36 ].…”

Section: Research Gaps Addressable With Inertial Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Wearable Inertial Sensors in Laboring Women with Walking Epidural Analgesia

Dziadzko,

Péneaud,

Bouvet

et al. 2024

Sensors

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There is a growing interest in wearable inertial sensors to monitor and analyze the movements of pregnant women. The noninvasive and discrete nature of these sensors, integrated into devices accumulating large datasets, offers a unique opportunity to study the dynamic changes in movement patterns during the rapid physical transformations induced by pregnancy. However, the final cut of the third trimester of pregnancy, particularly the first stage of labor up to delivery, remains underexplored. The growing popularity of “walking epidural”, a neuraxial analgesia method allowing motor function preservation, ambulation, and free movement throughout labor and during delivery, opens new opportunities to study the biomechanics of labor using inertial sensors. Critical research gaps exist in parturient fall prediction and detection during walking epidural and understanding pain dynamics during labor, particularly in the presence of pelvic girdle pain. The analysis of fetal descent, upright positions, and their relationship with dynamic pelvic movements facilitated by walking during labor is another area where inertial sensors can play an interesting role. Moreover, as contemporary obstetrics advocate for less restricted or non-restricted movements during labor, the role of inertial sensors in objectively measuring the quantity and quality of women’s movements becomes increasingly important. This includes studying the impact of epidural analgesia on maternal mobility, walking patterns, and associated obstetrical outcomes. In this paper, the potential use of wearable inertial sensors for gait analysis in the first stage of labor is discussed.

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Validity of temporo-spatial characteristics of gait as an index for fall risk screening in community-dwelling older people

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Feasibility Study of a Prototype Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit for Elderly Postural Sway Assessment

Feasibility Study of a Prototype Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit for Elderly Postural Sway Assessment

Gait Biomechanical Parameters Related to Falls in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

The Potential Role of Wearable Inertial Sensors in Laboring Women with Walking Epidural Analgesia

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