Validity of Skinfold-Based Measures for Tracking Changes in Body Composition in Professional Rugby League Players

Delaney, Jace A.; Thornton, Heidi R.; Scott, Tannath J.; Ballard, David A.; Duthie, Grant M.; Wood, Lisa G.; Dascombe, Ben J.

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0244

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The ability of the LMI to track proportional FFM change has varied in the literature, perhaps being impacted by the population under investigation. In an elite rugby league group, a higher correlation (r=0.69) was found than that in the present study (r=0.54) despite similar assessment techniques being used (Delaney et al, 2016). The unique heterogeneity of rugby union athletes based on size and ethnicity compared to their rugby league counterparts may explain the slightly lower agreement observed in the current study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…As such, it is common practice for DXA to be utilised in conjunction with surface anthropometry to monitor body composition. A recent study found LMI was good at estimating DXA derived FFM changes in a relatively homogenous population of rugby league athletes (Delaney et al, 2016). However, the ability of anthropometric measures to infer absolute body composition changes in elite populations of athletes with widely varying physique traits remains relatively untested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition Assessed Using DXA and Surface Anthropometry Show Good Agreement in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

Zemski

Keating

Broad

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Rugby union athletes have divergent body composition based on the demands of their on-field playing position and ethnicity. With an established association between physique traits and positional requirements, body composition assessment is routinely undertaken. Surface anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are the most common assessment techniques used, often undertaken synchronously. This study aims to investigate the association between DXA and surface anthropometry when assessing longitudinal changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in rugby union athletes. Thirty-nine elite male rugby union athletes (age: 25.7 ± 3.1 years, stature: 187.6 ± 7.7 cm, and mass: 104.1 ± 12.2 kg) underwent assessment via DXA and surface anthropometry multiple times over three consecutive international seasons. Changes in the lean mass index, an empirical measure to assess proportional variation in FFM, showed large agreement with changes in DXA FFM (r = .54, standard error of the estimate = 1.5%, p < .001); the strength of association was stronger among forwards (r = .63) compared with backs (r = .38). Changes in the sum of seven skinfolds showed very large agreement with changes in DXA FM (r = .73, standard error of the estimate = 5.8%, p < .001), with meaningful differences observed regardless of ethnicity (Whites: r = .75 and Polynesians: r = .62). The lean mass index and sum of seven skinfolds were able to predict the direction of change in FFM and FM 86% and 91% of the time, respectively, when DXA change was >1 kg. Surface anthropometry measures provide a robust indication of the direction of change in FFM and FM, although caution may need to be applied when interpreting magnitude of change, particularly with FM.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition Assessed Using DXA and Surface Anthropometry Show Good Agreement in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

Zemski

Keating

Broad

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Similar results are obtained by Delaney et al [30]. The purpose of the authors was to determine the most effective method for quantifying changes in muscle mass in rugby athletes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Analysis of the physical development and somatotype of girls and females involved into dancing and gymnastic sports

Podrіgalo

Artemieva

Rovnaya

et al. 2018

PES

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Purpose: the comparative analysis of the physical development and somatotype of girls and females involved in dancing and gymnastic sports (acrobatic rock and roll, sports aerobics) Material: The study involved 45 girls and females. Group 1 - acrobatic rock and roll (n = 25, age - 13.00 ± 0.41 years); Group 2 - sports aerobics (n = 20, age - 19.70 ± 0.59 years). It was determined the length and body weight. It was evaluated the level and harmony of physical development. The bioimpedance method was applied to determine the composition of muscle and fat tissue, the level of visceral fat. It was evaluated the body mass index, water composition in the body. The results are evaluated by applying parametric and non-parametric statistical indicators. Results: the average level of physical development dominates in athletes. Its specific gravity is: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50 ± 11.18)%. Rather high prevalence of the level below the average: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (25.00 ± 9.68)%. The proportion of athletes with harmonious development was: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50.00 ± 11.18)%. The disharmony of physical development due to overweight: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (30.00 ± 10.25)%. The disharmony of development due to underweight: group 1 - (16.00 ± 7.33)%; group 2 - (20.00 ± 8.94)%. The average values of fat tissue reflect its normal composition in both groups. In group 1, was determined the normal for the age fat composition in (52.00 ± 9.99)%; low level of fat had (48.00 ± 9.99)%. In group 2, the normal fat composition was found in (75.00 ± 9.68)%. The increased fat composition was (15.00 ± 7.98)% of female athletes. The reduced fat composition was (10.00 ± 7.61)% of female athletes. The level of visceral fat in athletes of group 2 was within the age norm. Female athletes of group 1 were characterized by virtually no visceral fat. The specific gravity of muscle tissue in all athletes was above the average for this age group. Group water composition in both groups was average. Conclusions: Most athletes have an average harmonious physical development. Deviations of physical development are most often associated with underweight. It is determined the increase in the composition of muscle mass above the average age standards for all female athletes. The composition of fat tissue in 52% of female athletes of the younger group corresponded to the average value. The rest of the athletes had a fat composition below normal. In the older group: 75% of athletes had an average fat composition; 15% of athletes had a reduced fat composition; 10% of athletes had a high fat composition. It was determined the significant differences between groups. The female athletes of group 1 had smaller values of body length, body weight, the specific gravity of fat tissue and visceral fat, body water composition, and body mass index. Females of group 1 had a big specific gravity of muscle tissue. The application of the bioimpedance method has significantly expanded the data obtained in the analysis of anthropometric indicators and indices. This method can be recommended for monitoring the functional condition of athletes dancing and gymnastic sports.

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“…Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is the largest component of the adipose tissue-free body mass in humans [ 5 ], essential for athletic performance. Despite many differences in training and competition specificity, available research indicates that SMM content in athletes ranges from 40% to 48% of total body mass [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal Oxygen Uptake Adjusted for Skeletal Muscle Mass in Competitive Speed-Power and Endurance Male Athletes: Changes in a One-Year Training Cycle

Trinschek

Zieliński

Kusy

2020

IJERPH

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We compared the changes in maximum oxygen uptake (V·O2max) calculated per skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with conventional V·O2max measures in a 1-year training cycle. We hypothesized that the pattern of changes would differ between SMM-adjusted and absolute or weight-adjusted values, and the differences between groups of distinct training specialization and status will depend on the measure used. Twelve sprinters (24.7 ± 3.3 years), 10 endurance runners (25.3 ± 5.3 years), and 10 recreationally trained controls (29 ± 4.5 years) performed a treadmill test until exhaustion to determine V·O2max. Their SMM was estimated based on the dual X-ray absorptiometry method and a regression equation. The significance of differences was assessed using analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05). The pattern of the longitudinal change was not different between V·O2max/SMM and standard measures. Also, the significance of differences between sprinters and endurance athletes remained similar regardless of the V·O2max measure. Sprinters and controls had similar absolute (~4.3 L·min−1) and total weight-adjusted (~52 vs. ~56 mL·min−1·kg) V·O2max, but they significantly differed in SMM-adjusted V·O2max (~110 vs. ~130 mL·min−1·kg SMM−1). In summary, SMM-adjusted V·O2max is not more useful than standard measures to track longitudinal changes in competitive athletes. However, it allows to better distinguish between groups or individuals differing in training status. The results of our study are limited to male athletes.

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Validity of Skinfold-Based Measures for Tracking Changes in Body Composition in Professional Rugby League Players

Abstract: The LMI is probably as accurate in predicting changes in FFM as SkF and very likely to be more appropriate than BIA. The LMI offers an adequate, practical alternative for assessing in FFM among rugby league athletes.

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition Assessed Using DXA and Surface Anthropometry Show Good Agreement in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition Assessed Using DXA and Surface Anthropometry Show Good Agreement in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

Analysis of the physical development and somatotype of girls and females involved into dancing and gymnastic sports

Maximal Oxygen Uptake Adjusted for Skeletal Muscle Mass in Competitive Speed-Power and Endurance Male Athletes: Changes in a One-Year Training Cycle

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