Validity of Simplified Versus Standard Self-Report Measures of Pain Intensity in Preschool-Aged Children Undergoing Venipuncture

Emmott, Anthony; West, Nicholas; Zhou, Guohai; Dunsmuir, Dustin; Montgomery, Carolyne J.; Lauder, Gillian; Baeyer, Carl L. von

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.12.015

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…During the feasibility study, barriers to use included the approach to pain assessment; many parents did not like the self‐report tools provided and preferred the idea of a numeric rating scale. Our approach has been to include visual pain scales in the app that have been specifically validated in children and on the smartphone, in order to provide parents with a reliable and standard means of assessing their child's pain . The FPS‐R, for example, is a widely accepted pain scale for which validation data has been reported for home use by parents and children following tonsillectomy procedures .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Good agreement between the digital and the original paper‐based versions of the FPS‐R and CAS on a mobile device have previously been shown; the digital versions were preferred by children . The app also incorporated two simplified pain scales, designed and evaluated by our team, which may be more appropriate for self‐report assessments of pain in younger children (4 years of age): the Simplified Faces Pain Scale (S‐FPS) and Simplified Concrete Ordinal Scale (S‐COS) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Flowchart of Panda app pain assessment (left column of screenshots) with the Simplified Faces Pain Scale (S‐FPS) and medication administration (right column of screenshots) functions, illustrating the flow of a user's response to an alert to perform a pain check and give medication [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In‐hospital usability and feasibility evaluation of Panda, an app for the management of pain in children at home

Sun

Dunsmuir

Miao

et al. 2018

Pediatric Anesthesia

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Summary Background Postoperative pain in children is often poorly managed at home, leading to slower functional recovery, poor oral intake, sleep disturbances, and behavioral changes. Panda is a smartphone application (app) designed to support parents in assessing their child's pain and managing medications. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the Panda app's usability and feasibility in hospital prior to testing the app at home. Methods The study comprised two phases. Phase I evaluated Panda's usability with nurses, parents, and adolescents using simulated scenarios. Usability was measured by task completion rate, user error rates, and the Computer Systems Usability Questionnaire. Phase II evaluated Panda's feasibility by observing parents/guardians of pediatric patients using the app on the postsurgical ward. Feasibility was measured using response frequency and delay following app notifications from an audit trail of app function, and parental satisfaction from an interview. Feedback was used to guide iterative app improvements. Results In Phase I, 13 nurses, 12 parents, and 5 adolescents evaluated the app. A total of 103 usability issues were identified, analyzed, and addressed. In Phase II, 29 parents responded to a total of 151 app notifications, with 84% responding within 1 hour in the final round of testing; 93% of participants reported the app was easy to use, and rated the app with a median [interquartile range] Computer Systems Usability Questionnaire score of 2 [1‐4]. Significant barriers to use included lack of flexibility in the medication scheduling, low volume of alert sounds, and the extra time spent on medication safety checks. Conclusion Panda's usability was improved and its feasibility demonstrated in the controlled hospital environment. The next step is to evaluate its feasibility for use at home.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In‐hospital usability and feasibility evaluation of Panda, an app for the management of pain in children at home

Sun

Dunsmuir

Miao

et al. 2018

Pediatric Anesthesia

Self Cite

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“…17,22 Finally, age is known to be a significant factor in influencing the intensity of pain and unpleasantness rating, 26 and self-reported pain in children younger than four years old is found to be inaccurate. 27 Although the importance of separating age groups due to the changes in cognitive development has been highlighted in similar reviews, 20 only one review of Psychological interventions excluded studies with participants younger than 3 years old, 17 while several other relevant reviews failed to exclude studies on infants, with data including large proportions of infant reports (23-81%). 19,22,28 With these considerations in mind, we have chosen to review interventions conducted in apparently healthy, school-age children (age 4-15), that do not require training or parent / carer involvement and therefore are appropriate in mass vaccination settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving vaccine-related pain, distress or fear in healthy children and adolescents–a systematic search of patient-focused interventions

Lee

Caillaud

Fong

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…However, infants and children less than 3 years of age are unable to self-report pain and there are some doubts about the capacity of children aged 3-5 years to self-report Procedural Pain Scale Evaluation (PROPoSE) study: protocol for an evaluation of the psychometric properties of behavioural pain scales for the assessment of procedural pain in infants and children aged 6-42 months Dianne J Crellin, 1,2,3 Denise Harrison, 1,2,4 Adrian Hutchinson, 3 Tibor Schuster, 5 Nick Santamaria, 1 Franz E Babl 2,3,6 To cite: Crellin Open Access pain using traditional scales designed for young children. [14][15][16] Behavioural observation scales are one of the most commonly used alternatives to self-report. Over 40 tools have been identified in the literature, many of which were designed for either neonates or infants and children experiencing postoperative pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedural Pain Scale Evaluation (PROPoSE) study: protocol for an evaluation of the psychometric properties of behavioural pain scales for the assessment of procedural pain in infants and children aged 6–42 months

et al. 2017

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IntroductionInfants and children are frequently exposed to painful medical procedures such as immunisation, blood sampling and intravenous access. Over 40 scales for pain assessment are available, many designed for neonatal or postoperative pain. What is not well understood is how well these scales perform when used to assess procedural pain in infants and children.AimThe aim of this study was to test the psychometric and practical properties of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale, the Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (MBPS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) observer pain scale to quantify procedural pain intensity in infants and children aged from 6–42 months to determine their suitability for clinical and research purposes.Methods and analysisA prospective observational non-interventional study conducted at a single centre. The psychometric and practical performance of the FLACC scale, MBPS and the VAS observer pain scale and VAS observer distress scale used to assess children experiencing procedural pain will be assessed. Infants and young children aged 6–42 months undergoing one of four painful and/or distressing procedures were recruited and the procedure digitally video recorded. Clinicians and psychologists will be recruited to independently apply the scales to these video recordings to establish intrarater and inter-rater reliability, convergent validity responsiveness and specificity. Pain score distributions will be presented descriptively; reliability will be assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. Spearman correlations will be used to assess convergence and linear mixed modelling to explore the responsiveness of the scales to pain and their capacity to distinguish between pain and distress.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was provided by the Royal Children’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, approval number 35220B. The findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

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Validity of Simplified Versus Standard Self-Report Measures of Pain Intensity in Preschool-Aged Children Undergoing Venipuncture

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

In‐hospital usability and feasibility evaluation of Panda, an app for the management of pain in children at home

In‐hospital usability and feasibility evaluation of Panda, an app for the management of pain in children at home

Improving vaccine-related pain, distress or fear in healthy children and adolescents–a systematic search of patient-focused interventions

Procedural Pain Scale Evaluation (PROPoSE) study: protocol for an evaluation of the psychometric properties of behavioural pain scales for the assessment of procedural pain in infants and children aged 6–42 months

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