Validity of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis relates to the stages of invasion

Pellock, S.J.; Thompson, Ann M.; He, Kate S.; Mecklin, Christopher J.; Yang, Jie

doi:10.1556/comec.14.2013.2.7

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our results indicate that alien plants are, at least in the systems studied here, by-and-large fitting well in the indigenous phylogenetic landscape—although this picture may change with the stages of invasion [ 40 , 41 ]. This could even be the case in our study area, given the rapid invasion dynamics documented at our sites [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

How Do Alien Plants Fit in the Space-Phylogeny Matrix?

et al. 2015

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Recent advances in the field of plant community phylogenetics and invasion phylogenetics are mostly based on plot-level data, which do not take into consideration the spatial arrangement of individual plants within the plot. Here we use within-plot plant coordinates to investigate the link between the physical distance separating plants, and their phylogenetic relatedness. We look at two vegetation types (forest and grassland, similar in species richness and in the proportion of alien invasive plants) in subtropical coastal KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The relationship between phylogenetic distance and physical distance is weak in grassland (characterised by higher plant densities and low phylogenetic diversity), and varies substantially in forest vegetation (variable plant density, higher phylogenetic diversity). There is no significant relationship between the proportion of alien plants in the plots and the strength of the physical-phylogenetic distance relationship, suggesting that alien plants are well integrated in the local spatial-phylogenetic landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

How Do Alien Plants Fit in the Space-Phylogeny Matrix?

et al. 2015

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“…Another trait that may undergo selection during invasion is competitive ability (Blossey and Nötzold 1995;Leger 2008), which may (Grime 1977) or may not (Tilman 1988) be related to large size and high growth rate. Of all the factors limiting invasion, competition is among those most reliably present (Uriarte et al 2002;Vila and Weiner 2004;Pellock et al 2013), so an ability to grow in the presence of native neighbours, i.e., an enhanced competitive response (Goldberg 1997), might be selected for in invasive populations. As for size and growth rates, experimental results are mixed (Blair and Wolfe 2004;Zou et al 2008).…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

No selection for greater size in an introduced grass invading semiarid grassland

Hansen

Wilson

2016

Botany

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Exotic species are often planted for restoration or to enhance production. Populations that expand from plantings may undergo selection in directions that differ from those produced by artificial selection prior to planting. Here, we test whether a highly productive grass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., introduced to the semiarid Great Plains of North America, evolves during invasion from seeded fields into native grassland. We grew individuals of A. cristatum from six seeded populations and 12 invading populations in 12 common gardens separated by 0.5–12 km for two growing seasons. Contrary to expectations, individuals from invading populations did not have significantly greater tiller number or growth (increase in tiller number) than did individuals from seeded populations, suggesting that they have not undergone evolution towards increased invasion ability through increased size or growth. Instead, there was a general trend for individuals from invading populations to have lower growth rates and fewer tillers when grown without neighbours. Large size or high growth rates arising from artificial selection prior to introduction may be disadvantageous to populations invading semiarid grassland on dry, nutrient-poor soils. In this case, evolution may have resulted in convergence between the relatively large planted species and the smaller native species.

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“…Our results suggest that DNH is not applicable to naturalized species in México, and it would therefore not be functional in risk analyses of naturalized species at the regional scale in highly heterogeneous countries. The functionality of DNH in the early stages of the invasion process remains to be determined; it has been reported that DNH is functional in the establishment stage ( Pellock et al, 2013 ), but we do not know of a test of DNH during the lag phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Contradictory results using different scales might also be resolved if DNH is relevant at the local scale ( Pellock et al, 2013 ), and the consequences of up scaling may or may not support DNH depending on the heterogeneity of the territory at larger scales. For example, in a large territory with low heterogeneity, the consequences of DNH at the local scale will be maintained, but they will not be maintained if the heterogeneity is high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using different scales (region-habitat) and levels of taxonomic kinship in the Mediterranean Basin, no evidence was found for the influence of natives on nonnatives except in the case of rare NNS that were positively correlated with native species in the same genus ( Lambdon & Hulme, 2006 ). Finally, the number of native congeners in Kentucky did not affect the likelihood of naturalization and invasion in NNS, but DNH was relevant at the establishment stage ( Pellock et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis does not explain the spread of nonnative weed species naturalized in México

Sánchez-Blanco

Vega-Peña

Espinosa‐García

2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundDespite numerous tests of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis (DNH) evidence for its support or rejection is still contradictory. We tested a DNH derived prediction stating that nonnative species (NNS) without native congeneric relatives (NCR) will spread to a greater number of localities than species with close relatives in the new range. This test controlled the effect of residence time (Rt) on the spread of NNS and used naturalized species beyond their lag phase to avoid the effect of stochastic events in the establishment and the lag phases that could obscure the NCR effects on NNS.MethodsWe compared the number of localities (spread) occupied by NNS with and without NCR using 13,977 herbarium records for 305 NNS of weeds. We regressed the number of localities occupied by NNS versus Rt to determine the effect of time on the spread of NNS. Then, we selected the species with Rt greater than the expected span of the lag phase, whose residuals were above and below the regression confidence limits; these NNS were classified as widespread (those occupying more localities than expected by Rt) and limited-spread (those occupying fewer localities than expected). These sets were again subclassified into two groups: NNS with and without NCR at the genus level. The number of NNS with and without NCR was compared using χ2 tests and Spearman correlations between the residuals and the number of relatives. Then, we grouped the NNS using 34 biological attributes and five usages to identify the groups’ possible associations with spread and to test DNH. To identify species groups, we performed a nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis and evaluated the influences of the number of relatives, localities, herbarium specimens, Rt, and residuals of regression. The Spearman correlation and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to determine if the DNH prediction was met. Additionally, we used the clustering objects on subsets of attributes (COSA) method to identify possible syndromes (sets of biological attributes and usages) associated to four groups of NNS useful to test DNH (those with and without NCR and those in more and fewer localities than expected by Rt).ResultsResidence time explained 33% of the variation in localities occupied by nonnative trees and shrubs and 46% of the variation for herbs and subshrubs. The residuals of the regression for NNS were not associated with the number or presence of NCR. In each of the NMDS groups, the number of localities occupied by NNS with and without NCR did not significantly differ. The COSA analysis detected that only NNS with NCR in more and fewer localities than expected share biological attributes and usages, but they differ in their relative importance.DiscussionOur results suggest that DNH does not explain the spread of naturalized species in a highly heterogeneous country. Thus, the presence of NCR is not a useful characteristic in risk analyses for naturalized NNS.

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Validity of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis relates to the stages of invasion

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

How Do Alien Plants Fit in the Space-Phylogeny Matrix?

How Do Alien Plants Fit in the Space-Phylogeny Matrix?

No selection for greater size in an introduced grass invading semiarid grassland

Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis does not explain the spread of nonnative weed species naturalized in México

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