Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale

Abstract

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The association of ‘self-monitoring’ with depression in help-seeking Facebook users

“…First, to represent overall self-monitoring behaviour, we utilised the revised version of the Self-Monitoring Scale (Snyder & Gangestad, 1986), which contains 18 ‘true–false’ items. Of note, (1) it is evidently psychometrically superior to the original 25-item version, (2) it has acceptable internal consistency (α = ~.7 yielded in the current and previous research), (3) it reliably predicts phenomena related to expressive control and impression management and (4) taxonomic analyses point to the existence of a common latent self-monitoring variable within the scale (Gangestad & Snyder, 2000; Gonnerman et al, 2000; Paredes, Stavraki, Diaz, Gandarillas, & Brinol, 2015). Our second operationalisation is borne out of emerging and relatively strong evidence from large datasets, indicating that the self-monitoring construct is not a latent class variable after all, rather it appears to be composed of two distinct and uncorrelated dimensions: acquisitive and protective self-monitoring (Wilmot, DeYoung, Stillwell, & Kosinski, 2016; Wilmot, Kostal, Stillwell, & Kosinski, 2017).…”

Social Cognition and Behavioral Assessments Improve the Diagnosis of Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia in Older Peruvians With Low Educational Levels

“…A second limitation of the study worth noting is the lack of validation of the behavioral and socio-emotional assessment tools applied in this study within Peru and within our specific population of persons with low educational levels living in an urban environment. However, we applied the Spanish versions of these tools that have been previously validated in Latin American countries with a similar sociocultural context as that of Peru ( 47 , 48 , 50 ). Third, our small sample size is a limitation worth noting, limiting the generalizability of our results to populations different from that of our study.…”

“…An informant (close relative) is asked to rate how well each of the 13 statements in the questionnaire describes the ability of the patient to modulate his or her behavior in various social situations on a six-point Likert scale (1 = certainly—always false to 6 = certainly—always true) ( 49 ). The validated Spanish version of the r-SMS was used ( 50 ).…”

Demencia frontotemporal – variante conductual como diagnóstico diferencial de trastornos psiquiátricos primarios

“…Es recomendable asociar pruebas breves de cognición social para incrementar la especificidad diagnóstica de DFTvc, como la versión abreviada de Social Cognition and Emotional Assessment (Mini-SEA) que permite evaluar motivación, teoría de la mente y reconocimiento de emociones a través de los ojos (44). Adicionalmente, pruebas socio-conductuales administradas al acompañante/cuidador son útiles para discriminar DFTvc de otros desórdenes psiquiátricos primarios, como el Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) (45), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (46) y la versión revisada del Self-Monitoring Scale (r-SMS) (47). De hecho, existe un grupo de pacientes, en que la evaluación cognitiva breve debe ser complementada con una evaluación neuropsicológica formal porque sus trastornos no pueden ser detectados o porque la evaluación neuropsicológica puede contribuir al diagnóstico diferencial (48).…”

“…Consiste de sub-escalas diseñadas para medir elementos cognitivos de empatía: la sub-escala Expressive Behavior (EX) la cual mide la sensibilidad de los sujetos para expresar la conducta de los otros, y la sub-escala de Self-Presentation (SP), la cual mide la tendencia de los sujetos para monitorear su auto-presentación. Un informante (familiar cercano) es interrogado para puntuar sobre una escala Likert de 6 puntos (1= ciertamente, siempre falso a 6= ciertamente, siempre verdadero) qué tan bien cada una de las 13 declaraciones del cuestionario describe la capacidad del paciente para modular su comportamiento en diversas situaciones sociales (47). El r-SMS tuvo sensibilidad ideal con especificidad moderada (72,2%) para discriminar pacientes con DFTvc en una muestra de baja educación (55).…”