Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale in Iranian Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia

Abstract

Background: Caregivers' self-assessments of the care they provide are the main vehicles that help explore their experiences and are thought to have a major role in care outcomes. The rising number of people with dementia and their need for care provided within the family makes family caregiving a major topic for study and evaluation. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) in family caregivers of older adults with dementia. Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological study, 236 family caregivers were recruited through convenience sampling. The revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) was translated using the international quality of life assessment (IQOLA) protocol, and then a panel of experts examined its face and content validities. To ensure construct validity, the translated revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) was completed by 236 family caregivers, and the factor construct of the scale was assessed using five initial factors for confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The confirmatory factor analysis was performed with LISREL-8.8 software for Windows®.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Older Females: A Comparison Between Community-Dwelling Individuals and Nursing Home Residents in the Southwest of Iran

“…Another result of the current study was the higher prevalence of IDA in the elderly females who lived in nursing homes compared to the elderly community dwellers, since in Bushehr, due to the cultural taboos of taking the elderly to the nursing home, they are only taken to such places when they live in desperately poor conditions and have comorbidities (35); hence, the higher prevalence of IDA can be explained in this group. In addition, living in the nursing home affects the nutritional status, mobility, and vulnerability of the residents, which exposes them to the risk of IDA; consistent with the results of the present study (29,34,(36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Transcultural adaptation of the revised caregiving appraisal scale (RCAS) in the Spanish population

“…The RCAS‐VE validation study was shown to be a three‐dimensional scale as opposed to the original scale and other RCAS validation studies, which were mutated by four factors (Lee et al, 2007 ), five factors (Brown et al, 2013 ) and six factors (Farhadi et al, 2017 ). However, the RCAS‐VE coincides with the CAS in the number of factors, as shown in the confirmatory factor analysis of the CAS, which reduces the scale to 19 items and three factors: ‘Subjective Burden’, ‘Caregiving Satisfaction’ and ‘Impact’.…”

“…Therefore, the RCAS scale, besides being designed for family caregivers of older people and presenting a solid theoretical basis, has been adapted cross‐culturally to other countries such as Korea, K‐RCAS (Lee et al, 2007 ) and Iran, known as the Persian version of RCAS (Farhadi et al, 2017 ). In addition, this scale has been studied by other international authors (Hanks et al, 2007 ; Iecovich, 2016 ; Purden et al, 2013 ; Sevick et al, 1997 ; Struchen et al, 2002 ) and modified to other versions (Braithwaite, 1996 ; Brown et al, 2013 ; Sakurai, 1999 ).…”

Self-appraisal of caregiving in family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Iran: a content analysis study

“…have been introduced. The concept of caring appraisal, which includes positive and negative aspects of care, has been considered as one of the key concepts in caregivers' studies [11], even with respect to objective indicators such as dependence and patient symptoms, is a more important determinant of the outcomes of care [12,13].…”

“…The remained question is what the experiences of family caregivers caring are for the elderly with dementia [4,14]. What do they think of their care with the lack of support and insurance facilities for these patients and their families, and the existence of culture and background for accepting this role by the family and recent changes in Iranian society in the direction of modernity [12]. By knowing these experiences and explaining the concept of self-appraisal of care provided by one, it is possible to provide a way for effective interventions based on the experiences of caregivers within the same social context.…”