Validity and reliability of a simplified food frequency questionnaire: A cross sectional study among physical health examination adults in southwest region of China

Cheng, Zhengyan; Shuai, Ping; Qiao, Qichuan; Li, Tingxin

doi:10.21203/rs.2.23239/v4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…(kappa all ≥ 0.40, kappa max = 0.73), similar to previous validation studies [43,44], with highest reliability for protein and lowest for fat. For FFQ24h, reliability was poor (kappa all ≥ 0.08, kappa max = 0.34), with highest reliability for carbohydrates and lowest for ber.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nutrient scoring for the DEGS1-FFQ – from food intake to nutrient intake

et al. 2023

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Background While necessary for studying dietary decision-making or public health, estimates of nutrient supply based on self-reported food intake are barely accessible or fully lacking and remain a challenge in human research. In particular, detailed information on dietary fiber is limited. In this study we introduce an automated openly available approach to assess self-reported nutrient intake for research purposes for a popular, validated German food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Methods To this end, we i) developed and shared a code for assessing nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, fiber, etc.) for 53 items of the quantitative, validated German DEGS1-FFQ questionnaire implementing expert-guided nutritional values of diverse sources with several raters. In a sample of individuals (nGUT-BRAIN = 61 (21 female) overweight, omnivorous), we ii) cross-validated nutrient intake of the last 7 days and the last 24 h and iii) computed test–retest reliability across two timepoints. Further, iv) we reported newly computed nutrient intake for two independent cross-sectional cohorts with continuous weight status and different dietary habits (nMensa = 134 (79 female, 1 diverse), nGREADT = 76 male). Exploratively, we v) correlated computed, energy-adjusted nutrient intake with anthropometric markers and HbA1c and vi) used linear mixed models to analyse the predictability of BMI and WHR by nutrient intake. Results In overweight adults (n = 61 (21 female), mean age 28.2 ± 6.5 years, BMI 27.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2) nutrient intakes were mostly within recommended reference nutrient ranges for both last 7 days and last 24 h. Recommended fiber intake was not reached and sugar intake was surpassed. Calculated energy intake was significantly higher from last 24 h than from last 7 days but energy-adjusted nutrient intakes did not differ between those timeframes. Reliability of nutrient values between last 7 days and 24 h per visit was moderate (Pearson’s rhoall ≥ 0.33, rhomax = 0.62) and absolute agreement across two timepoints was low to high for 7 days (Pearson’s rhomin = 0.12, rhomax = 0.64,) and low to moderate for 24 h (Pearson’s rhomin = 0.11, rhomax = 0.45). Associations of dietary components to anthropometric markers showed distinct sex differences, with overall higher intake by males compared to females and only females presenting a negative association of BMI with fiber intake. Lastly, in the overweight sample (but not when extending the analysis to a wider BMI range of 18.6–36.4 kg/m2), we could confirm that higher BMI was predicted by lower energy-adjusted fiber intake and higher energy-adjusted fat intake (when adjusting for age, sex and physical activity) while higher WHR was predicted by higher energy intake. Conclusion We provide an openly available tool to systematically assess nutrient intake, including fiber, based on self-report by a common German FFQ. The computed nutrient scores resembled overall plausible and reliable measures of nutrient intake given the known limitations of FFQs regarding over- or underreporting and suggest valid comparability when adjusting for energy intake. Our open code nutrient scoring can help to examine dietary intake in experimental studies, including dietary fiber, and can be readily adapted to other FFQs. Further validation of computed nutrients with biomarkers and nutrient-specific metabolites in serum, urine or feces will help to interpret self-reported dietary intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Nutrient scoring for the DEGS1-FFQ – from food intake to nutrient intake

et al. 2023

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“…Assessing reliability over two timepoints within one month, we found moderate agreement for FFQ7d (kappa all ≥ 0.40, kappa max = 0.73), similar to previous validation studies (Wong et al 2012;Cheng et al 2020), with highest reliability for protein and lowest for fat. For FFQ24h, reliability was poor (kappa all ≥ 0.08, kappa max = 0.34), with highest reliability for carbohydrates and lowest for ber.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Nutrient scoring for the DEGS1-FFQ – from food intake to nutrient intake

Thieleking

Schneidewind

Kanyamibwa

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: While necessary for studying dietary decision-making or public health, estimates of nutrient supply based on self-reported food intake are barely accessible or fully lacking and remain a challenge in human research. In particular, detailed information on dietary fiber is limited. In this study we introduce an automated openly available approach to assess self-reported nutrient intake for research purposes for a popular, validated German food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Methods: To this end, we i) developed and shared a code for assessing nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, fiber...) for 53 items of the quantitative, validated German DEGS1-FFQ questionnaire implementing expert-guided nutritional values of diverse sources with several raters. In a sample of individuals (nGUT-BRAIN = 61 (21 female) overweight, omnivorous), we ii) cross-validated nutrient intake of the last 7 days and the last 24 hours and iii) computed test-retest reliability across two timepoints. Further, iv) we report newly computed nutrient intake for two independent cross-sectional cohorts with continuous weight status and different dietary habits (nMensa= 134 (79 female, 1 diverse), nGREADT = 76 male). Exploratively, we correlated computed nutrient intake with v) anthropometric and vi) blood-based biomarkers.Results: In overweight adults (n= 61 (21 female), mean age 28.2±6.5 years, BMI 27.4±1.6 kg/m2) nutrient intakes were mostly normally distributed and within or surpassing recommended reference nutrient ranges for both last 7 days and last 24 hours. Reliability between last 7 days and 24 hours per visit was moderate (Pearson’s rall≥ 0.34, pall < 0.001, rmax = 0.54) and absolute agreement across two timepoints was moderate for 7 days (kappaall > 0.40, pall < 0.001) and poor for 24 hours (kappaall> 0.08, pall < 0.001). Associations of dietary components to anthropometric markers showed distinct sex differences, with overall higher intake by males compared to females and opposite associations of fiber intake and BMI in males compared to females. Links between nutrient intake relative to calorie intake and anthropometrics as well as serum markers remain inconclusive.Conclusion: We provide an openly available tool to systematically assess nutrient intake, including fiber, based on self-report by a common German FFQ. The computed nutrient scores resembled overall plausible and reliable measures of nutrient intake given the known limitations of FFQs regarding over- or underreporting. Our open code nutrient scoring can help to examine dietary intake in experimental studies, including dietary fiber and its subclasses, and can be readily adapted to other FFQs. Further validation of computed nutrients with biomarkers and nutrient-specific metabolites in serum, urine or feces will help to interpret self-reported dietary intake.

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“…The participants were asked to complete a simple frequent food questionnaire (SFFQ) 61 recorded over three consecutive days, and the calories were analyzed by a certified dietitian at pretest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%