Validation of Tropical Artificial Soil by Chronic Toxicity Studies on &lt;i&gt;Eisenia fetida&lt;/i&gt; against Superphosphate

Abbiramy, K. S.; Ross, P. Ronald; Paramanandham, Joothi Pillai

doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.13.31

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The variation of physico-chemical properties with location is not only applicable for coco peat but also for the sphagnum peat. Abbiramy et al (2012) also observed similar physico-chemical characteristics in the two peat samples. This study is also in line with their findings, except for few properties.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Only few studies have been conducted with various organic materials including coco peat as a replacement to sphagnum peat in artificial soil (Noguera et al, 2000;Abbiramy et al, 2012). However, acute and chronic earthworm studies with the chemicals suggested by OECD and ISO guideline are essential to validate the alternate soil so as to be included in the present OECD guideline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coco peat - An alternative artificial soil ingredient for the earthworm toxicity testing

Shanmugasundaram¹,

Jeyalakshmi²,

Mohan³

et al. 2014

J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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The artificial soil medium recommended for invertebrate toxicity studies by OECD and ISO contains sphagnum peat as an organic component. Sphagnum peat is not widely available in tropical countries especially in the Indian subcontinent. Using of native organic matter source is also much more ecologically relevant for the region. Hence, development of an alternative is needed as a replacement of sphagnum peat. As coco peat is easily available as an organic component in tropical countries, earthworm toxicity studies were conducted with coco peat to assess its suitability to be included as an alternative in the artificial soil medium. Artificial soils were prepared with 70% sand, 20% kaolin clay and 10% coco peat (COPS) or sphagnum peat (SPPS). Acute and reproduction toxicity studies were conducted with the earthworm, Eisenia fetida using 2-chloroacetamide and carbendazim, respectively. Validity criteria specified by the guidelines were met in tests with either soil media. In the acute test, no significant difference was observed between the soils in terms of mortality (p > 0.05) based on the LC 50 values for COPS and SPPS of 35.56 and 32.36 mg 2-chloroacetamide /kg dry soil, respectively. Significant effect in terms of reproduction was observed at 2.06 mg carbendazim/kg dry soil for both COPS and SPPS. The other parameters such as biomass change, mortality and food consumption were comparable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coco peat - An alternative artificial soil ingredient for the earthworm toxicity testing

Shanmugasundaram¹,

Jeyalakshmi²,

Mohan³

et al. 2014

J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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“…In the process of producing a composite of sewage sludge, earthworms are used as biological agents for the stabilization of organic matter. Since sewage sludge contains a large amount of organic and nutritious materials, it can be used as a suitable nutrient for feeding worms in the process of producing vermicompost (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the reduction of BTEX in automotive paint sludge combined with biological sludge by vermicomposting process using Eisenia fetida

Avili

Takdastan

Atabi

et al. 2021

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Due to the fact that in the process of car painting in the automotive industry, sludge containing dangerous compounds of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene which cannot be released into the environment without purification, is inevitably produced, this study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of removing BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) from the paint sludge of Saipa Automotive Company using Eisenia fetida worms. Methods: This is an experimental study. First, mixtures with different proportions of sludge were prepared and loaded in suitable boxes. After preparing the desired sludge, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics were determined in terms of type and amount of BTEX, volatile materials, moisture content, and C/N ratio. Then, to check the changes in BTEX, sampling was performed on different days during 90 days. BTEX measurements were performed using GC-MS method (NIOSH Method 1501). Results: The results showed that in the best mixing ratio of sludge, the amount of benzene decreased from 3 mg to less than 0.01 mg in 30 days, toluene decreased from 1.5 mg to zero over a 45-day period, ethyl benzene was reduced from 7 mg to zero mg over 70 days, and xylene decreased from 18 mg to 0.9 mg over 90 days. In addition, in the same optimal mixing ratio, the amount of volatile organic matter, pH, and C/N ratio also had a decreasing trend in the vermicomposting process. Conclusion: According to the results, E. fetida worms are able to work in mixed sludge and have the ability to break down BTEX.

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“…The use of standard artificial soil and the inclusion of alternative substrates more abundant in the study area (e.g. coir pith and coconut fiber for tropical regions) is indicated to recover results with more validity in ecotoxicological bioassays (Abbiramy et al 2012;ABNT 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Counting Enchytraeus crypticus Juveniles in Chronic Exposures: An Alternative Method for Ecotoxicity Studies Using Tropical Artificial Soil

Felipe

Bernegossi

Pinheiro

et al. 2021

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Soil toxicity tests are commonly applied using Enchytraeus crypticus to analyze reproductive outputs. However, the traditional method for counting potworms takes a long time due to the significant number of offspring. This paper compares the conventional total counting of E. crypticus juveniles (M1) and an alternative methodology (M2). The proposed methodology (M2) uses a simple random counting method (1/4) for the partial counting of juveniles and total estimation. Chronic bioassays (21 days of exposure) were performed in tropical artificial soil (TAS) using sugarcane vinasse as a hazardous substance. Comparing the final density of juveniles recorded in M1 and M2, no statistical differences were pointed out in either one. Applying analyses based on effective concentration (EC10 and EC50), no statistical differences were identified there either. The t-test showed that there was no statistical difference between the counting methods (M1 and M2) in each treatment (control and dilutions). Moreover, we ran the Tukey test for M1 and M2 methods separately and observed that 100 % of the vinasse showed a statistical difference compared to the control treatment in both (p ≤ 0.05), affirming that independent of the counting method, the ecotoxicological outputs were similar. Therefore, the proposed alternative is a suitable method for bioassay using. E. crypticus in tropical artificial soil, decreasing to 1/4 the total time required for counting.

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Validation of Tropical Artificial Soil by Chronic Toxicity Studies on <i>Eisenia fetida</i> against Superphosphate

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Coco peat - An alternative artificial soil ingredient for the earthworm toxicity testing

Coco peat - An alternative artificial soil ingredient for the earthworm toxicity testing

Investigating the reduction of BTEX in automotive paint sludge combined with biological sludge by vermicomposting process using Eisenia fetida

Counting Enchytraeus crypticus Juveniles in Chronic Exposures: An Alternative Method for Ecotoxicity Studies Using Tropical Artificial Soil

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