Validation of the Yoruba Version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Abstract

Study Design. Cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis.Objective. This study determined the test-retest reliability, acceptability, internal consistency, divergent validity of the Yoruba pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ-Y). It also examined the ceiling and floor effects and the small detectable change (SDC) of the PSEQ-Y among patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Summary of Background Data. There are various indigenous language translations of the PSEQ and none adapted to African language. However, translations of the PSEQ into Nigerian languages are not readily available. Methods. The validity testing phase of the study involved 131 patients with LBP, while 83 patients with LBP took part in the reliability phase. Following the Beaton recommendation for cultural adaptation of instruments, the PSEQ was adapted into the Yoruba language. The psychometric properties of the PSEQ-Y determined comprised: internal consistency, divergent validity, test-retest reliability, and SDC. Results. The mean age of the participants was 52.96 AE 17.3 years. The PSEQ-Y did not correlate with the Yoruba version of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS-Y) scores (r ¼ -0.05; P ¼ 0.59). The values for the internal consistency and the test-retest reliability of the PSEQ-Y were 0.79 and 0.86, with the 95% confidence interval of the test-retest reliability ranging between 0.82 and 0.90. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the SDC of the PSEQ-Y were 1.2 and 3.3, respectively. The PSEQ-Y had no floor or ceiling effect, as none of the respondents scored either the minimal or maximal scores. Conclusion. This is the first study in Nigeria to culturally adapt PSEQ. The PSEQ-Y showed adequate psychometric properties similar to existing versions. Therefore, the tool can be used to assess pain self-efficacy in clinical and research settings and help to improve the health outcomes of patients chronic LBP.

Measurement properties of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in populations with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

“…While 22 included studies evaluated several psychometric properties of the PSEQ-10, 6 studies 1 , 10 , 16 , 31 , 36 , 50 evaluated the psychometric properties of either one or both of its short forms, namely, the PSEQ-2 (evaluated in the 6 studies) and the PSEQ-4 (evaluated in 3 of these 6 studies). Populations evaluated in included studies comprised chronic LBP, 14 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 50 fibromyalgia, 37 neck pain, 15 upper limb MSK pain, 8 , 10 , 23 knee osteoarthritis, 26 and any chronic MSK disorder. 1 – 3 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 25 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 45 , 46 , 48 …”

“…Correlations between the PSEQ and catastrophizing variables mainly measured by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale varied from low to high and were statistically significant among studies that included various populations with chronic MSK pain (10 studies, 3495 participants, correlation range: −0.74 to −0.36). 1 , 2 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 25 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 45 Correlation levels between pain intensity and PSEQ varied from very low to low (12 studies; 2087 participants, correlation range: −0.50 to −0.05) 1 , 7 , 10 , 15 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 31 , 38 , 45 , 48 with the Chinese 25 and Yoruba 21 versions that did not meet statistical significance. Thus, our original hypotheses formulated in the methodology section were confirmed.…”

“…All studies were given a very good score on the COSMIN quality assessment tool for internal consistency. Twenty studies (5295 participants) 1 – 3 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 21 – 23 , 25 , 31 , 35 – 38 , 45 , 48 , 50 calculated Cronbach alpha for the PSEQ-10, with values ranging from 0.79 to 0.95. Six studies (1354 participants) 1 , 8 , 10 , 31 , 36 , 50 calculated Cronbach alpha for the PSEQ-2, with values ranging from 0.76 to 0.91.…”

“…Test–retest reliability was evaluated using ICC in 11 studies (1016 participants). 2 , 3 , 10 , 14 , 17 , 21 , 25 , 29 , 36 , 37 , 50 COSMIN risk of bias of reliability was rated as very good for 2 included studies, 3 , 37 adequate for 4 studies, 14 , 17 , 36 , 50 doubtful for 4 studies, 2 , 21 , 25 , 29 and inadequate for 1 study. 10 Table 5 presents weighted means and ranges of ICCs.…”

“…Four studies (381 participants) 10 , 17 , 21 , 29 evaluated the absolute reliability of the PSEQ-10 by calculating SEM or MDC. COSMIN risk of bias of measurement error was rated as adequate for 1 included study, 17 doubtful for 2 studies, 21 , 29 and inadequate for 1 study. 10 SEM, which represents the standard deviation of the PSEQ-10 score, ranged from 1.23 to 5.66 (weighted mean of 3.37 [3 studies; 356 participants).…”