Validation of the ultrastable low-noise current amplifier as travelling standard for small direct currents

Drung, D.; Krause, Christian; Giblin, S. P.; Djordjevic, S.; Piquemal, F.; Seron, O.; Rengnez, Florentin; Götz, Martín; Pesel, Eckart; Scherer, H.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/52/6/756

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Limitations come from the higher calibration uncertainties of secondary standards, although they are traceable to R K and K J constants, and the lack of sensitivity of measurement methods below 1 µA. As shown in fig.26, the traceability of low currents was recently improved by an ultralow current amplifier (ULCA) based on a more stable voltage to current converter [258,259,254]. This device demonstrated a better relative reproducibility over time: 10 −7 over a week, a quarterly stability of 10 −6 and a stability of 5 × 10 −6 over a year.…”

Section: Applying Ohm's Law or Charging Capacitormentioning

confidence: 99%

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

Poirier

Djordjevic

Schopfer

et al. 2019

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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By fixing two fundamental constants from quantum mechanics, the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e, the revised Système International (SI) of units endorses explicitly quantum mechanics. This evolution also highlights the importance of this theory which underpins the most accurate realization of the units. From 20 May 2019, the new definitions of the kilogram and of the ampere, based on fixed values of h and e respectively, will particularly impact the electrical metrology. The Josephson effect (JE) and the quantum Hall effect (QHE), used to maintain voltage and resistance standards with unprecedented reproducibility since 1990, will henceforth provide realizations of the volt and the ohm without the uncertainties inherited from the older electromechanical definitions. More broadly, the revised SI will sustain the exploitation of quantum effects to realize electrical units, to the benefit of end-users. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of these standards and discuss further applications and perspectives.

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Section: Applying Ohm's Law or Charging Capacitormentioning

confidence: 99%

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

Poirier

Djordjevic

Schopfer

et al. 2019

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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“…In the revised uncertainty budget, the largest systematic term is 0.1 ppm, due to the 10 MΩ reference resistor used in the calibration, and the statistical uncertainty in the resistor calibration is also of order 0.1 ppm. A recent comparison of precision reference current sources [48] has highlighted problems with shortterm drift affecting high-value standard resistors. To reduce the impact of this drift on the pump measurements to well below 0.1 ppm, in this work we calibrated the 1 GΩ resistor very frequently, with an interval between calibrations as short as 2 days.…”

Section: B High-accuracy Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-Error Regime in High-Accuracy Gigahertz Single-Electron Pumping

et al. 2017

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Single-electron pumps based on semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for the emerging quantum standard of electrical current. They can transfer discrete charges with part-per-million (ppm) precision in nanosecond time scales. Here, we employ a metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon quantum dot to experimentally demonstrate high-accuracy gigahertz single-electron pumping in the regime where the number of electrons trapped in the dot is determined by the thermal distribution in the reservoir leads. In a measurement with traceability to primary voltage and resistance standards, the averaged pump current over the quantized plateau, driven by a 1-GHz sinusoidal wave in the absence of a magnetic field, is equal to the ideal value of ef within a measurement uncertainty as low as 0.27 ppm.

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“…10 The experimental value is slightly higher, 0.65 fA/ √ Hz, presumably caused by aliasing effects in the 3458A voltmeters. 11 The noise contribution of the 1 m long low-noise cable connecting the two ULCAs was found to be negligible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…8,9 Recently, a novel amplifier was developed to enable traceable small-current measurement and generation with uncertainties down to 0.1 ppm. [9][10][11] This ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) is designed as a two-stage transresistance amplifier (current-to-voltage converter) in order to obtain highest accuracy. The ULCA's first stage provides current amplification with a gain of G I = 1000 by means of a complex resistor network, basically representing a matched resistor pair of R = 3 GΩ and R/G I = 3 MΩ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%