Validation of the Spanish version of the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (<i>Validación de la versión española de la Escala de Soledad de Tres Ítems</i>)

Pedroso-Chaparro, María Del Sequeros; Márquez‐González, María; Fernandes‐Pires, Jose; Gallego-Alberto, Laura; Jiménez‐Gonzalo, Lucía; Nuevo, Roberto; Losada, Andrés

doi:10.1080/02109395.2021.1989889

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Those who had scores of 6 or above were classified as having loneliness in our study. This scale’s reliability and validity have been proven ( 40 , 41 ) and the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.76 in this research.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 58%

Loneliness and depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study

Liu

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundWhile psychosocial problems and their related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) have been well documented in developed countries, there are still not many studies addressing this issue in China and the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms among MSM, examine their associated factors, and investigate potential factors moderating the link between depressive symptoms and loneliness.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province in China between April and November 2021. Loneliness was assessed using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data from 655 MSM were eligible for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between independent variables and the outcomes of loneliness and depression. The interaction terms were added in the models to assess the moderating effects.ResultsOf the MSM sample, 13.28 and 7.48% perceived loneliness and reported moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, respectively. We found that participants who experienced loneliness were more likely to have younger age (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21, 0.93, 15–32 years as reference group), low social support (OR 3.60, 95% CI 2.14, 6.04), low self-esteem (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.45, 6.32) and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (OR 5.45, 95% CI 2.66, 11.15). The participants with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were more likely to have low self-esteem (OR 6.78, 95% CI 3.08, 14.95) and feelings of loneliness (OR 5.51, 95% CI 2.66, 11.40). Stratified analyzes showed that the magnitude of the associations between depressive symptoms and loneliness varied in MSM with different age, marital status, and self-esteem.ConclusionOur study suggests that we need to pay attention to feelings of loneliness and depressive symptoms and their closely associated factors such as social support and self-esteem among MSM in China. The MSM who were young, not married, and had low self-esteem were especially vulnerable to the impact of depressive symptoms on loneliness.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 58%

Loneliness and depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study

Liu

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Moreover, there was one validation of the 22-item Loneliness Literacy Scale (LLS; Honigh-de Vlaming et al, 2014 ), one validation of the 34-item ESTE scale ( González-Tovar and Garza-Sánchez, 2021 ), and one of the 3-item Loneliness (TIL) scale ( Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021 ; Supplementary Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The construct validity was reported in all the studies except in one ( Jaafar et al, 2020 ). The dimensionality of the instruments using factor analysis was analyzed in 21 studies ( Russell, 1996 ; De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg, 2010 ; Durak and Senol-Durak, 2010 ; Ayala et al, 2012 ; Iecovich, 2013 ; Neto, 2014 ; Penning et al, 2014 ; Velarde-Mayol et al, 2016 ; Lee and Cagle, 2017 ; Tomás et al, 2017 ; Uysal-Bozkir et al, 2017 ; Ausín et al, 2019 ; Faustino et al, 2019 ; Cheung et al, 2020 ; Hosseinabadi et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2021 ; González-Tovar and Garza-Sánchez, 2021 ; Lee et al, 2021 ; Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021 ; Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021 ); the Delphi method in one study ( Leung et al, 2008 ); principal component analysis without rotation in 1 study ( Buz and Pérez-Arechaederra, 2014 ); principal component analysis with oblique rotation in 1 study ( Honigh-de Vlaming et al, 2014 ); the Rasch model in 1 study ( Park et al, 2019 ); and exploratory structural equation modeling in 1 study ( Sancho et al, 2020 ). Overall, the instruments are multidimensional, and thus so is loneliness, except for seven studies that conclude that the instruments are unidimensional ( Russell, 1996 ; Buz and Pérez-Arechaederra, 2014 ; Neto, 2014 ; Velarde-Mayol et al, 2016 ; Tomás et al, 2017 ; Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021 ; Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The convergent validity was examined in 12 studies ( Russell, 1996 ; Durak and Senol-Durak, 2010 ; Iecovich, 2013 ; Buz and Pérez-Arechaederra, 2014 ; Neto, 2014 ; Tomás et al, 2017 ; Faustino et al, 2019 ; Jaafar et al, 2020 ; Sancho et al, 2020 ; Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2021 ; Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021 ; Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021 ), content validity in 3 studies ( Leung et al, 2008 ; Hosseinabadi et al, 2020 , 2021 ), and discriminant validity was reported in 1 study ( Velarde-Mayol et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some outcomes of the different analyzed studies are contradictory, i.e., in some of the studies there are no sex-related differences regarding the effects of unsought loneliness (Leung et al, 2008;Neto, 2014;Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021;Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021), while other studies report differences (De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg, 2010;Jaafar et al, 2020). Similar observations are seen for age: some studies find no association (Leung et al, 2008;Uysal-Bozkir et al, 2017;Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021;Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021) and other do, specifying that the older the individual the greater the perceived feeling of loneliness (De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg, 2010;Neto, 2014). The latter findings are in line with other studies that report a positive relationship between age and loneliness (Victor and Yang, 2012;Nicolaisen and Thorsen, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review evaluating loneliness assessment instruments in older adults

et al. 2023

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Introduction and objectivesThe experiences and changes that come along with old age may lead to a feeling of loneliness, usually followed by negative physical and mental manifestations. In this systematic review, we evaluated the existing tools to assess loneliness in older adults.MethodsWe performed a literature search in the Web of Science, Medline, and PsycINFO, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After, we examined the psychometric properties of the instruments with a focus on reliability, validity, and main conclusions.ResultsWe included 27 articles published between 1996 and 2021.ConclusionTo date, there are few instruments to assess loneliness in older adults. In general, they present adequate psychometric properties, although it is true that some scales show somewhat low levels of reliability and validity.

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Comorbid Depressive and Anxiety Symptomatology in Older Adults: The Role of Aging Self-Stereotypes, Loneliness, and Feelings of Guilt Associated with Self-Perception as a Burden

Pedroso-Chaparro,

Cabrera,

Márquez-González

et al. 2023

Span. J. Psychol.

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The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences between older adults’ symptom profiles (subclinical, anxiety, depressive, and comorbid) in negative aging self-stereotypes, loneliness, and feelings of guilt associated with self-perception as a burden. Participants were 310 community-dwelling people aged 60 years and over. The sample was grouped into four symptom profiles of older adults: anxiety, depressive, comorbid anxiety-depression, and subclinical symptoms. We carried out multinomial logistic regression analyses to analyze the role of assessed variables in the explanation of the four symptom profiles. Older adults who reported a comorbid symptomatology presented higher negative aging self-stereotypes and feelings of loneliness than the other three profiles. Compared with the subclinical profile, older adults who reported clinical symptomatology (anxiety, depressive, and comorbid profile) presented higher feelings of guilt associated with self-perception as a burden. The findings of this study suggest potential associations that may contribute to understanding and treating comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults.

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Validation of the Spanish version of the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (Validación de la versión española de la Escala de Soledad de Tres Ítems)

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Loneliness and depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study

Loneliness and depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study

A systematic review evaluating loneliness assessment instruments in older adults

Comorbid Depressive and Anxiety Symptomatology in Older Adults: The Role of Aging Self-Stereotypes, Loneliness, and Feelings of Guilt Associated with Self-Perception as a Burden

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