Validation of the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14Sp) in elderly Chileans

Abstract

BackgroundThe OHIP-49 is widely used to assess oral health-related quality of life, but its length makes it time-consuming and difficult to use. An abbreviated version of the OHIP-49 with fourteen items has been validated for older adults, but not in Chile. The aim was to develop and validate the Spanish version of the OHIP-14 in an elderly Chilean population.MethodsTwo studies were conducted; a cross sectional to develop and a retrospective study to validate the OHIP-14Sp. The OHIP-49Sp was applied to 490 older adults and the fourteen questions with the higher impact on oral health-related quality of life were selected through linear regression. These items were applied on a retrospective dataset of 85 older adults to test internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). A discriminative validity analysis was performed along with the assessment of sociodemographic (age and gender, educational level) and clinical variables (number of teeth, caries lesions, CPITN, prosthetic needs and prosthetic functionality). Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U, Student’s t and one-way ANOVA tests with a 95% confidence level and finally were analyzed by a Multivariate Logistic Regression Model.ResultsHigh internal consistency values were obtained for the OHIP-14Sp instrument (0.91). There was an association between the OHIP-14Sp scores and the presence of caries (p = 0.003), need for complex periodontal treatment (p = 0.002), prosthetic needs (p < 0.0001) and age younger than 70 years-old (p < 0.0001). Subjects with periodontal treatment need were more likely to report reduced oral health-related quality of life (PR = 2.10).ConclusionsThe OHIP-14Sp proved to be a consistent and valid tool to assess oral health-related quality of life when tested in Chilean older adults.

.Oral Health Impact Profile in elderly Chileans in southern Chile.

“…This finding differs from the results presented by Leon et al 5 , in which older people had a lower impact on the OHIP-14Sp scale, indicating a greater acceptance by this age group to deteriorating health and lower life expectancy. One of the effects seen in this data is the increased loss in the number of teeth in older ages, even with one third of the population over 65 years 3 being edentulous due to lack of dental care during childhood, and poor oral health promotion and prevention actions, which are currently available 6 However, this limiting condition can be significantly improved by using implant prosthetics.…”

“…The number of EP was established according to the score of the OHIP-14Sp scale presented by Leon et al 5 , considering a standard deviation of 31.4 points, a confidence interval of 95% and a desired precision of 3.5 points; an approximate number of 310 EP patients participated in the study ("EpiTools Epidemiological Calculators". Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre).…”

“…In Chile, a group of researchers at Universidad de Talca validated the OHIP-14Sp scale in a group of Chilean elders obtaining a high internal consistency (α=0.91) 5 . As a result, this instrument allows to quantify quality of life in relation to the perceived state of oral health in EP from different regions of Chile.…”

Oral Health and Quality of Life in Old Age: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Project in Germany and Poland

“…Undoubtedly, the OHIP-14 is an appropriate measure for OHRQoL. It is an internationally accepted and validated instrument [11,12] regularly used in samples of seniors all over the world [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Some publications describe a higher sensitivity of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) compared to the OHIP in older populations [23,24].…”

Evaluación del impacto en la calidad de vida de pacientes adultos rehabilitados con nuevas prótesis removibles totales

“…Even though some authors 11,12 claim that using it entails some risks that can affect its accuracy, as a psychometric instrument, OHIP-14 has shown a high degree of coincidence with the 49-question original. It is now regarded as the instrument of choice for measuring OHRQL in elderly patients because it is reliable, sensitive to change, has cross-cultural consistency and has been validated in several languages and used in multiple studies 10, [13][14][15][16][17][18] . Moreover, the OHIP-14 is more efficiently applied because it achieves a 100% answer rate, avoiding bias tiredness and memory biases of the respondent, which is even more important for the elderly population 19 .…”