Validation of the Social Media Disorder Scale in Adolescents: Findings From a Large-Scale Nationally Representative Sample

Boer, Maartje; Stevens, Gonneke W. J. M.; Finkenauer, Catrin; Koning, Ina M.; Eijnden, R.J.J.M. van den

doi:10.1177/10731911211027232

Cited by 25 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Although there were two groups with relatively high levels of problematic SMU compared to the average level in the sample and reported in other research (Boer, Stevens, Finkenauer, Koning, et al, 2021), the absolute levels of problematic SMU within these two groups were rather moderate. Nevertheless, moderate levels of problematic SMU may already threaten important life domains, as cross-level research shows that endorsing moderate levels of problematic SMU is associated with a high risk of, for example, reporting schoolwork pressure and poor sleep quality (Boer, Stevens, Finkenauer, F I G U R E 3 Average co-trajectory of problematic SMU and SMU frequency by latent class, n = 1419.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Higher sum-scores are thereby interpreted as higher levels of problematic SMU. This sum-score followed a Poisson distribution (Figure 1), corresponding to the distribution observed in a nationally representative sample of 6266 Dutch students aged 12-16 (Boer, Stevens, Finkenauer, Koning, et al, 2021). Thus, high levels of problematic SMU are rather exceptional in the adolescent population, given that most adolescents do not report any problems, whereas a small minority report many.…”

Section: Problematic Smumentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Note: Vertical bars denote the 95% confidence intervals. SMU, social media use Koning, et al, 2021). However, longitudinal research is required to establish whether moderate levels of problematic problems indeed increase such problems over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis

2021

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The current generation of young adolescents grow up in a "hybrid" world, where their offline world is intertwined with online contexts that are facilitated by social media, such as Instagram and Snapchat. Between 2017 and 2019, 63% of 12-to 14-year-old and 77% of 15-and 16-year-old European adolescents reported daily usage of social media (Smahel et al., 2020). Other research shows that in 2017 and 2018, a large share of 13-and 15-year-old European adolescents reported that they were interacting online with friends and others almost all the time throughout the day (36% and 41%, respectively; Inchley et al., 2020). From a developmental perspective, it is understandable why social media are so popular among early and middle adolescents (Granic et al., 2020). Social media allow young adolescents to form and maintain peer relationships (e.g., through instant messaging), to share their perspectives, narratives, and self-portrayals with others (e.g., by uploading personal photos, videos, and texts), to receive feedback on their appearances and online behaviors (e.g., through "likes" and responses from peers), and to learn from others (e.g., by browsing through peers' uploads). These functions are all crucial for identity development: a core developmental task of young adolescents (Erikson, 1968).However, for some adolescents, social media use (SMU) deviates from normative adolescent behavior, namely when they experience symptoms of addiction to social media. In that case, adolescents cannot regulate their SMU: They have social media on top of their mind constantly, feel stress or anxiety when SMU is not possible, or report that their SMU interferes with their functioning in important life domains (Andreassen, 2015;Griffiths et al., 2014). The presence of such addiction symptoms is considered harmful (Griffiths et al.,

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Problematic Smumentioning

confidence: 58%

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The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis

2021

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“…To our knowledge, validation studies on problematic SMU scales remain limited to single-country data [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], including validation studies on the SMD scale [5,15,26,27]. Studies among Dutch secondary school adolescents showed that the SMD scale had a solid unidimensional factor structure and adequate internal consistency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐national validation of the social media disorder scale: findings from adolescents from 44 countries

et al. 2021

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Background and aims There is currently no cross‐national validation of a scale that measures problematic social media use (SMU). The present study investigated and compared the psychometric properties of the social media disorder (SMD) scale among young adolescents from different countries. Design Validation study. Setting and participants Data came from 222 532 adolescents from 44 countries participating in the health behaviour in school‐aged children (HBSC) survey (2017/2018). The HBSC survey was conducted in the European region and Canada. Participants were on average aged 13.54 years (standard deviation = 1.63) and 51.24% were girls. Measurement Problematic SMU was measured using the nine‐item SMD scale with dichotomous response options. Findings Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) showed good model fit for a one‐factor model across all countries (minimum comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.963 and 0.951, maximum root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.057 and 0.060), confirming structural validity. The internal consistency of the items was adequate in all countries (minimum alpha = 0.840), indicating that the scale provides reliable scores. Multi‐group CFA showed that the factor structure was measurement invariant across countries (ΔCFI = −0.010, ΔRMSEA = 0.003), suggesting that adolescents’ level of problematic SMU can be reliably compared cross‐nationally. In all countries, gender and socio‐economic invariance was established, and age invariance was found in 43 of 44 countries. In line with prior research, in almost all countries, problematic SMU related to poorer mental wellbeing (range βSTDY = 0.193–0.924, P < 0.05) and higher intensity of online communication (range βSTDY = 0.163–0.635, P < 0.05), confirming appropriate criterion validity. Conclusions The social media disorder scale appears to be suitable for measuring and comparing problematic social media use among young adolescents across many national contexts.

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“…Hence, the SMD scale appears to be more comprehensive than the existing scales. The 9-item SMD scale has been validated in adolescent groups in China ( 19 ), Turkish ( 20 ), and Netherlands ( 21 ), as well as across 44 countries ( 22 ), suggesting the validity of the SMD-9 scale in measuring problematic usage of social media in adolescents. Furthermore, the 27-item SMD scale, consist of three items for each of the nine DSM-5 criteria, has been found to be more specific and comprehensive in describing social media addiction behavior as compared to SMD-9 scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media Disorder, Mental Health, and Validation of the Chinese Version of 27-Item Social Media Disorder Scale in Chinese College Students

Liu

Huang

Chai

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveWith the widespread use of social media, excessive use of social media may lead to problematic behaviors such as social media disorder, which has a negative impact on teenagers' mental health. Thus, it is an urgent need to provide a measurement tool to assess social media addiction in different cultures. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of 27-item Social Media Disorder (SMD) Scale (developed using the diagnostic criteria of DSM-V Internet Gaming Disorder) in college students, and to verify its impact on mental health.MethodsTwo online surveys were conducted among a total of 1,539 Chinese college students, including 1,316 subjects in sample 1 and 223 subjects in sample 2. The discrimination, criterion validity, construct validity and reliability of the Chinese version of SMD-27 scale were examined.ResultsThe Chinese version of SMD-27 scale showed excellent psychometric properties. The item-total correlation coefficients of the scale ranged from 0.31 to 0.56, and the item-dimension correlations of the scale ranged from 0.459 to 0.834. Findings from confirmatory factor analysis indicated a great fit of the model of the Chinese version of SMD-27, with CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.951, RMSEA = 0.036 in sample one and CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.967, RMSEA = 0.040 in sample two, thus confirming the second-order factor structure of the scale. The SMD-27 scale showed good internal consistency between two different samples with their respective Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 and 0.92, and good test-retest reliability over a period of 1 month. In addition, multiple regression results generally supported the impact of social media addiction on mental health.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the Chinese version of SMD-27 scale is applicable to Chinese college populations, and it is a promising tool for the study of social media addiction in China.

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Validation of the Social Media Disorder Scale in Adolescents: Findings From a Large-Scale Nationally Representative Sample

Cited by 25 publications

References 62 publications

The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis

The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis

Cross‐national validation of the social media disorder scale: findings from adolescents from 44 countries

Social Media Disorder, Mental Health, and Validation of the Chinese Version of 27-Item Social Media Disorder Scale in Chinese College Students

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