Validation of the Sinhala version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale to determine medication adherence in patients with bipolar affective disorder on lithium therapy

Abstract

Rationale, aims and objectives: The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) is a self-reported scale used in assessing medication adherence in patients on chronic therapy. Medication adherence is a neglected area of research in Sri Lanka and in this study we have attempted to validate the Sinhala translation of the MMAS-8 to determine medication adherence among patients stabilized on lithium therapy for bipolar disorder (BD).Methods: The MMAS-8 was translated to Sinhala with standard forward and backward translations from English to Sinhala. Patients with BD on stable doses of lithium were administered the Sinhala version of the MMAS-8. During the same visit, the serum lithium concentration was measured. Criterion validity was assessed using therapeutic serum lithium concentrations as the gold standard. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess test-retest reliability.Results: From a sample of 240 patients, 82.1% were considered adherent, with serum lithium concentration >0.4 mmol/L. The mean MMAS-8 score was 6.95±1.3. According to the MMAS-8 scale, 13.3% reported low adherence while 43.3% reported medium and high adherence equally using MMAS cut offs <6, 6 to<8 and 8 respectively. The scale sensitivity to identify adherence at a cut-off score of 6 was 86.3%. The test–retest reliability value was 0.708 (p<0.001). Internal consistency was found with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.608 for the 8 items of the scale.Conclusion: The Sinhala version of MMAS-8 can be used as a sensitive instrument to identify medication adherence in patients with bipolar disorders.

Rating scales validated for Sri Lankan populations: an update

“…The eight-item scale includes questions to assess forgetfulness, symptom severity, and situational and emotional aspects of medication adherence. The scale has been validated for the Sinhala speaking population in a validation study conducted on patients with a bipolar affective disorder on lithium therapy (69).…”