Validation of the Short Form of the Brief Pain Inventory (<scp>BPI</scp>‐<scp>SF</scp>) in Spanish Patients with Non‐Cancer‐Related Pain

Ares, Javier De Andrés; Prado, Luis Miguel Cruces; Verdecho, M.A. Canós; Villanueva, Lucía Penide; Hoyos, Marta del Valle; Herdman, Michael; Lugilde, Susana Traseira; Rivera, Ignacio Velázquez

doi:10.1111/papr.12219

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Pain, clinical status and body perception were assessed by using self-administered instruments. Subjects provided an overall measure of pain severity on a visual analog scale (VAS), and the Spanish version of the short form of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-SF) [ 41 ] was used to assess the impact of ongoing pain on daily function. The Spanish version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) [ 42 – 43 ] was used to assess physical functioning, work status, depression, anxiety, sleep, pain, stiffness, and fatigue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied pain in fibromyalgia: Disturbed somatorepresentations and increased plasticity of the body schema

et al. 2018

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Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a highly prevalent, chronic musculoskeletal condition characterized by widespread pain and evoked pain at tender points. This study evaluated various aspects of body awareness in a sample of 14 women with FMS and 13 healthy controls, such as plasticity of the body schema, body esteem, and interoceptive awareness. To this end, the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), the Body Esteem Scale (BES), and the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) were used, respectively. Consistent with increased plasticity of the body schema, FMS patients scored higher, with large or very large effect sizes, across all three domains evaluated in the RHI paradigm, namely proprioceptive drift and perceived ownership and motor control over the rubber hand. Scores on all items addressed by the BES were consistently lower among FMS subjects (2.52, SEM .19 vs 3.89, SEM .16, respectively, p < .01, Cohen’s d = .38-.66). In the FMS sample, BES scores assigned to most painful regions also were lower than those assigned to the remaining body sites (1.58, SEM .19 vs 2.87, SEM .18, respectively, p < .01). Significantly higher scores (p < .01, Cohen’s d = .51-.87) were found in the FMS sample across awareness (3.57 SEM .15 vs 1.87 SEM .11), stress response (3.76 SEM .11 vs 1.78 SEM .11), autonomic nervous system reactivity (2.59 SEM .17 vs 1.35 SEM .07), and stress style 2 (2.73 SEM .27 vs 1.13 SEM .04) subscales of the BPQ. Intensity of ongoing clinical pain was found to be strongly correlated with interoceptive awareness (r = .75, p = .002). The results suggest a disturbed embodiment in FMS, characterized by instability of the body schema, negatively biased cognitions regarding one’s own body, and increased vigilance to internal bodily cues. These manifestations may be interpreted as related with the inability of incoming sensory inputs to adequately update negatively biased off-line somatorepresentations stored as long-term memory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied pain in fibromyalgia: Disturbed somatorepresentations and increased plasticity of the body schema

et al. 2018

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“…The Spanish version has been validated [ 35 ]. The short form, which contains 11 items, was used in a recent study by de Andrés Ares et al [ 36 ]. The items are rated on a 0 (no pain/no interference) to 10 (worst possible pain/total interference) numeric rating scale (NRS) and are grouped in two categories: pain intensity (the mean score of the first 4 items: worst, least, and average pain in the past 24 hours and pain right now) and interference with daily activities (the mean score of the last 7 items: interference with general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with others, sleep, and enjoyment of life).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Satisfaction with Spanish Pain Centers: Observational Study with More than 3,000 Patients

García

Hernández-Puiggròs

Nieto

et al. 2016

Pain Research and Treatment

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Chronic pain is a serious problem in Spain. This multicenter, epidemiological 3-month follow-up study investigates pain management efficacy in Spanish centers using patient satisfaction criteria. 3,414 eligible adult patients (65,6% female) with moderate to severe chronic pain from 146 pain centers were included. Patient satisfaction was assessed based onto question 18 of Spanish healthcare barometer-CSI. Pain evolution (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS)), quality of life/EuroQol-5, and pain control expectations fulfillment were also assessed. Mean age was 61.3 years. 64.4% of participating centers employed multidisciplinary pain management approach. After 3 months, mean patient satisfaction was 7.8 (1–10) on the CIS barometer. Medical staff received the highest scores, whereas waiting for tests, appointment request to appointment date time, and waiting times at the center the lowest. Mean pain decreased from 7.4 to 4.0; BPI-SF intensity decreased from 6.5 to 3.8; pain control expectations were met in 78.7% of patients; EuroQoL-5D utility index increased from 0.37 to 0.62, p < 0.001, and health status (VAS) from 40.6 to 61.9, p < 0.001. Chronic pain patients (90%) are satisfied with Spanish centers care; 80% had their pain control expectations met. Quality of life improved remarkably: 71% felt moderately to significantly better. However, waiting times need improvement.

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“…Subscale scores are available for the pain severity and pain interference scales . The long version of the BPI has been validated for use in Spanish, and we used an adapted short form version in this study . Both the EQ‐5D and BPI were self‐administered, although healthcare personnel were on hand to help with completion when necessary.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Quality of Life after 3 months of Usual Care in a Large Sample of Patients with Noncancer Pain: The “QOOL: Quality of Life and Pain” Study

Rivera

Escobar

Riera³

et al. 2014

Pain Practice

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Large-scale observational studies can provide useful information on changes in health outcomes over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 months of usual care on quality of life (QOL) and pain outcomes in noncancer chronic pain patients managed by pain specialists and to examine factors associated with changes in QOL. This was assessed using the EQ-5D and pain outcomes using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Changes in QOL and pain were studied for the overall sample and in subgroups defined by baseline pain severity. Multivariate regression was used to investigate factors associated with change on EQ-5D. Three thousand and twenty-nine patients were included for analysis. After 3 months of usual care, a mean of 40.9% of patients showed improvement on individual EQ-5D dimensions, with the highest rates of improvement seen on the pain/discomfort (50.8%) and anxiety/depression (48.3%) dimensions. The EQ-5D Index increased from a mean (SD) of 0.35 (0.2) to 0.58 (0.21) points between baseline and month 3, and the thermometer from 41.5 (19.4) to 58.7 (17.8), indicating a large effect. Improvements in QOL were larger in those with severe baseline pain. The BPI severity summary score improved from a mean (SD) of 6.5 (1.4) to 4.1 (1.7) and the interference summary score from 6.6 (1.5) to 4.2 (1.9). Changes on the BPI severity and interference scores were associated with changes in the EQ-5D Index and thermometer. In conclusion, 3 months of usual care in noncancer pain patients led to substantial improvements in QOL and pain outcomes.

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Validation of the Short Form of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI‐SF) in Spanish Patients with Non‐Cancer‐Related Pain

Cited by 75 publications

References 27 publications

Embodied pain in fibromyalgia: Disturbed somatorepresentations and increased plasticity of the body schema

Embodied pain in fibromyalgia: Disturbed somatorepresentations and increased plasticity of the body schema

Patient Satisfaction with Spanish Pain Centers: Observational Study with More than 3,000 Patients

Changes in Quality of Life after 3 months of Usual Care in a Large Sample of Patients with Noncancer Pain: The “QOOL: Quality of Life and Pain” Study

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