Validation of the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis (AJCC TNM) staging in patients with stage II and stage III colorectal carcinoma: analysis of 2511 cases from a medical centre in Korea

Kim, K. H.; Yang, Suk‐Kyun; Yoon, Yong Sik; Lim, Seok‐Byung; Yu, Chang Sik; Kim, J. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02625.x

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, this staging system is not sufficiently reliable. Different studies have demonstrated that the OS of patients with CRC of stage IIb was poorer than those of stage IIIa (19)(20)(21). As an alternative to the AJCC TNM staging system, an increasing number of molecular biomarkers have been defined as useful prognostic and predictive factors in CRC (22), including KARS and BRAF, which are commonly used in clinical practice (23,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High expression levels of unc-51-like kinase 1 as a predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer

Zou

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) plays an important role in autophagy, which is widely involved in human CRC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of the expression of ULK1 in human CRC. Expression of ULK1 in 339 CRC specimens (tumor-node-metastasis stages I-IV) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The optimal cutpoint of the expression of ULK1 was assessed by the X-tile program, and the patients were divided into 2 groups of high or low expression levels of ULK1, accordingly. Correlation analysis between the expression of ULK1 and the clinicopathological variables in CRC demonstrated that the expression of ULK1 was significantly associated with gender and tumor differentiation. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression levels of ULK1 were a risk factor for overall and disease-free survival. Therefore, the high expression levels of ULK1 may be a useful independent biomarker for predicting a poor prognosis in patients with CRC. IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most common type of cancer in males and females, respectively (1). In 2008, >1.2 million cases of CRC were diagnosed, and 608,700 associated mortalities were recorded (1). Patients with CRC have different prognoses depending on the tumor stage, which is commonly classified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system (2). For example, patients with distant metastasis have a poor 5-year survival rate (12%), while patients with localized disease have good prognoses (>90%) (3). However, the AJCC staging system is mainly concerned with the depth of cancer invasion, the involvement of the lymph nodes and the status of the metastasis, but not with the specific biological properties of CRC (4). Thus far, few biological markers have been validated as diagnostic criteria. However, certain molecules involved in the pathogenesis of CRC may lead to more accurate diagnoses and improved efficacy of comprehensive therapies (5).Autophagy, also known as cellular digestion, is a highly conserved cellular catabolic pathway involved in the degradation and recycling of superfluous or damaged proteins and organelles via double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes. This process enables cells, organs and entire organisms to endure various stress conditions, including limited availability of nutrients, reduced energy supply or low levels of oxygen (6,7). Numerous autophagy-associated genes (ATG) have been identified in yeast. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a core mammalian homologue of a yeast ATG. In mammalian cells, ULK1 forms a stable complex to sense nutrient signals for autophagy activation (8). Under conditions of glucose starvation, the activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates the ULK1 complex by direct interaction as follows: AMPK phosphorylates and activates ULK1, which leads to autophagy induction (9,10). When glucose leve...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High expression levels of unc-51-like kinase 1 as a predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer

Zou

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A total of 112 Chinese CRC patients who were treated at Jiangsu Tumor Hospital, China, from May 2005 to January 2010 were investigated in this study. Eligibility criterion was histological confirmation of stage II-III CRC after surgery according to the AJCC TNM classification [17]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between ERCC1 and TS mRNA levels and disease free survival in colorectal cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU) adjuvant chemotherapy

Sheng

Zhu

Yao³

et al. 2014

BMC Gastroenterol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAim was to explore the association of ERCC1 and TS mRNA levels with the disease free survival (DFS) in Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving oxaliplatin and 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsTotal 112 Chinese stage II-III CRC patients were respectively treated by four different chemotherapy regimens after curative operation. The TS and ERCC1 mRNA levels in primary tumor were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used for DFS analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for prognostic analysis.ResultsIn univariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for the mRNA expression levels of TS and ERCC1 (logTS: HR = 0.820, 95% CI = 0.600 - 1.117, P = 0.210; logERCC1: HR = 1.054, 95% CI = 0.852 - 1.304, P = 0.638) indicated no significant association of DFS with the TS and ERCC1 mRNA levels. In multivariate analyses, tumor stage (IIIc: reference, P = 0.083; IIb: HR = 0.240, 95% CI = 0.080 - 0.724, P = 0.011; IIc: HR < 0.0001, P = 0.977; IIIa: HR = 0.179, 95% CI = 0.012 - 2.593, P = 0.207) was confirmed to be the independent prognostic factor for DFS. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier DFS curves showed that TS and ERCC1 mRNA levels were not significantly associated with the DFS (TS: P = 0.264; ERCC1: P = 0.484).ConclusionThe mRNA expression of ERCC1 and TS were not applicable to predict the DFS of Chinese stage II-III CRC patients receiving 5-FU and oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy.

show abstract

“…Four percent buffered formalin-fixed and paraffinembedded sections (4-mm thick) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic evaluation of histologic diagnosis, typing, and grading. Age, gender, tumor size, depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, distant organ metastases, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and modified Dukes stage (21) were obtained by review of medical charts and pathologic records. The immunostaining of DNA mismatch repair genes (MMR), including MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6, was positive in all of 222 cases, indicating their belonging to sporadic colorectal carcinomas.…”

Section: Patients and Tissue Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

GSK-3β–Regulated N-Acetyltransferase 10 Is Involved in Colorectal Cancer Invasion

Zhang

Hou

Wang

et al. 2014

Clinical Cancer Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10) is a nucleolar protein, but may show subcellular redistribution in colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated membranous staining of NAT10 in colorectal carcinoma and its clinical implications, and explored the mechanism of regulation of NAT10 redistribution.Experimental Design: The expression and subcellular redistribution of NAT10, b-catenin, E-cadherin, and GSK-3b were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 222 cases of colorectal carcinoma. Regulation of NAT10 and its influence on cell motility were analyzed with inhibitors of GSK-3b, transfection of wild-type or kinase-inactivated GSK-3b, or expression of various domains of NAT10, and evaluated with immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Transwell assays.Results: NAT10 localized mainly in the nucleoli of normal tissues, and was redistributed to the membrane in cancer cells, particularly at the invasive "leading edge" of the tumor. This correlated well with nuclear accumulation of b-catenin (P < 0.001; x 2 ¼ 68.213). In addition, NAT10 membrane staining reflected the depth of invasion and tendency to metastasize (all P values < 0.001), and was associated with a poorer prognosis (P ¼ 0.023; x 2 ¼ 5.161). Evaluation of the mechanism involved demonstrated that subcellular redistribution of NAT10 may result from its increased stability and nuclear export, which is brought about by inhibition of GSK-3b. Moreover, redistribution of NAT10 induces alteration of cytoskeletal dynamics and increases cancer cell motility. Conclusion:The subcellular redistribution of NAT10 can be induced by decreases in GSK-3b activity. This redistribution increases cancer cell motility, and is, thus, correlated with invasive potential and poorer clinical outcome. This finding suggests that NAT10 may be a useful prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal carcinoma.

show abstract

Validation of the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis (AJCC TNM) staging in patients with stage II and stage III colorectal carcinoma: analysis of 2511 cases from a medical centre in Korea

Abstract: The study indicates that AJCC-7 has better prognostic validity than AJCC-6 for staging of patients with stage II and stage III colorectal carcinoma.

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

High expression levels of unc-51-like kinase 1 as a predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer

High expression levels of unc-51-like kinase 1 as a predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer

Association between ERCC1 and TS mRNA levels and disease free survival in colorectal cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU) adjuvant chemotherapy

GSK-3β–Regulated N-Acetyltransferase 10 Is Involved in Colorectal Cancer Invasion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About