Validation of the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen Among Transgender and Nonbinary Youth and Young Adults

Zickgraf, Hana F.; Garwood, Sarah; Lewis, Christopher B.; Giedinghagen, Andrea; Reed, Jamie L.; Linsenmeyer, Whitney

doi:10.1089/trgh.2021.0021

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Because these conditions have high comorbidity and overlapping symptoms, a moderate correlation was expected; the moderate effect size also supports the interpretation that the Y‐NIAS measures distinct, though related, constructs. These findings for the Y‐NIAS were consistent with findings from previous community (Zickgraf & Ellis, 2018; Zickgraf et al., 2021) and clinical (Burton Murray et al., 2021) samples responding to the NIAS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…ARFID is a heterogeneous diagnosis, with the existence of three primary presentations that have been well‐documented in clinical (Norris et al., 2017; Zickgraf et al., 2021) and community (Zickgraf & Ellis, 2018) samples. Although our findings offer mixed support for the validity of the Y‐NIAS in a naturalistic treatment setting for identifying clinically‐administered (as opposed to research‐quality) diagnoses, we feel that this information is important and significant because there are few validated measures of ARFID symptomatology and the Y‐NIAS is already in widespread use in clinical settings similar to ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the prior study validating the adult NIAS as a screening tool included some adolescent participants, a majority (85.5%) of the participants and community controls were above the age of 18 (Zickgraf & Ellis, 2018). The NIAS has also been validated in self‐reporting youth seeking gender‐affirming interventions in a gender clinic (Zickgraf et al., 2021), but this investigation also included a mixed‐age sample where data from mostly older adolescents were combined with data from young adults. To date, the factor structure, convergent validity, known‐groups validity, and discriminant validity of the child self‐report NIAS is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the youth‐nine item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder screen

Billman Miller,

Zickgraf,

Murray

et al. 2023

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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ObjectiveThis study assessed the factorial, divergent, and criterion‐related validity of the Youth‐Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Screen (Y‐NIAS) in a paediatric clinical sample at initial evaluation for an eating disorder (ED).MethodParticipants included 310 patients (82.9% female, 77.4% White, Age M = 14.65) from a tertiary ED clinic. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the three‐factor of the Y‐NIAS. One‐way analysis of variance compared Y‐NIAS scores across diagnoses. A receiver operating curve analysis assessed the ability of each subscale to identify ARFID presentations from the full sample. Two logistic regressions assessed the criterion‐related validity of the obtained Y‐NIAS cut‐scores.ResultsCFA supported the original three‐factor structure of the Y‐NIAS. Clinically‐elevated scores were observed in all diagnostic groups except for binge‐eating disorder. Subscales were unable to discriminate ARFID cases from other ED diagnoses. Cut scores were identified for picky eating subscale (10) and Fear subscale (9), but not for Appetite subscale. In combination with the ED Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), classification accuracy was moderate for ARFID (62.7%) and other EDs (89.4%).DiscussionThe Y‐NIAS demonstrated excellent factorial validity and internal consistency. Findings were mixed regarding the utility of the Y‐NIAS for identifying clinically‐significant ARFID presentations from other ED diagnoses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the youth‐nine item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder screen

Billman Miller,

Zickgraf,

Murray

et al. 2023

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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“…The SCOFF [11 ▪ ] and EDE-Q [12,24 ▪▪ ,25 ▪ ] have been used for screening eating disorders in gender diverse people, and recently, a short seven-item version of the EDE-Q has been validated for gender minority populations [26 ▪▪ ]. Their other concerns with eating and body shape can be assessed with the Adolescent Binge Eating Disorder Measure [71], the Nine Item Avoidant-restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen [27 ▪ ], and the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating disorders in transgender and gender diverse people: characteristics, assessment, and management

Keski-Rahkonen

2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of review This review summarizes recent research on eating disorders among gender minorities, transgender and gender diverse people. The focus is on research published in 2022 and the first half of 2023. Recent findings Up to 1.2% of young people and 0.3–0.5% of adults identify as transgender, and 2.7–8.4% of young people and 0.3–4.5% of adults report some degree of gender diversity. About 20–50% of transgender and gender diverse people report engaging in disordered eating and >30% screen positive for eating disorder symptoms, and 2–12% have received an eating disorder diagnosis from a health professional. Many transgender and gender diverse people describe eating disorder symptoms as a way of coping with gender dysphoria. They also report high levels of mental and behavioral symptoms, particularly mood and anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, trauma-related symptoms and disorders, alcohol and substance use, and autism. Gender minorities frequently experience discrimination, victimization, and violence, primarily sexual and physical violence. The minority stress model attributes mental health symptoms to these factors. Promising interventions based on the minority stress model have recently become available, but more research is needed on how to support transgender and gender diverse people with eating disorders. To manage eating disorders in this population, gender-affirming care should be combined with specialist eating disorder treatment. Summary Gender minorities are at high risk for eating disorders. Future studies should assess what is the most appropriate treatment for transgender and gender diverse people with eating disorders.

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“…Zickgraf and colleagues validated the NIAS among transgender youth and young adults, a measure that specifically screens for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. 14 Nagata and colleagues reported community norms for the EDE-Q among transgender men, transgender women, and gender-expansive populations. 15,16 Peterson and colleagues explored the use of the EDE-Q among transgender youth in a clinical setting and provided a tentative recommendation regarding its use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) is a Valid Eating Disorder Questionnaire to Use With Transgender Youth

Linsenmeyer,

Stiles,

Garwood

et al. 2023

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Transgender youth experience elevated rates of eating disorders, yet few screening measures have been validated with transgender patients. The purpose of this study was to provide initial evidence for the internal consistency and convergent validity of the Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) in a sample of transgender youth. Two hundred eight participants completed the SCOFF as part of a routine screening protocol. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to establish the factor structure of the SCOFF in this sample. Relationships between the SCOFF, Adolescent Binge Eating Disorder (ADO-BED), Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Intake Disorder (NIAS), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and demographic characteristics were explored. The SCOFF was significantly related to all convergent validity variables, with moderate correlations with other eating disorder scales (ADO-BED and NIAS). The SCOFF is a valid measure to screen for eating disorders among transgender youth and young adults.

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Validation of the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen Among Transgender and Nonbinary Youth and Young Adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Validation of the youth‐nine item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder screen

Validation of the youth‐nine item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder screen

Eating disorders in transgender and gender diverse people: characteristics, assessment, and management

The Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) is a Valid Eating Disorder Questionnaire to Use With Transgender Youth

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