Validation of the modified fagerström tolerance questionnaire with salivary cotinine among adolescents

Prokhorov, Alexander V.; Moor, Carl de; Pallonen, Unto E.; Hudmon, Karen Suchanek; Koehly, Laura M.; Hu, Shaohua

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00132-4

Cited by 160 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Two of the eight original FTQ items, that assess (1) the time to first cigarette of the day after waking up and (2) the number of cigarettes smoked per day, were found to account for most of the variance of the FTQ (Lichtenstein & Mermelstein, 1986). In addition, these items were found to be superior in predicting biochemical and behavioral indices of smoking (Heatherton et al 1989(Heatherton et al , 1991Kozlowski et al 1994;Breslau & Johnson, 2000 ;Prokhorov et al 2000) and Heatherton and colleagues (1989) created a scale of just these two items, the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI). It has been suggested that time to first cigarette in the morning and number of cigarettes smoked per day may be the most useful and powerful indicators of nicotine dependence (Heatherton et al 1989(Heatherton et al , 1991Haddock et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining nicotine dependence for genetic research: evidence from Australian twins

et al. 2004

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Background. Whether current criteria used to define nicotine dependence are informative for genetic research is an important empirical question. The authors used items of the DSM-IV and of the Heaviness of Smoking Index to characterize the nicotine dependence phenotype and to identify salient symptoms in a genetically informative community sample of Australian young adult female and male twins.Method. Phenotypic and genetic factor analyses were performed on nine dependence symptoms (the seven DSM-IV substance dependence criteria and the two Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) items derived from the Fagerstro¨m Tolerance Questionnaire, time to first cigarette in the morning and number of cigarettes smoked per day). Phenotypic and genetic analyses were restricted to ever smokers.Results. Phenotypic nicotine dependence symptom covariation was best captured by two factors with a similar pattern of factor loadings for women and men. In genetic factor analysis item covariation was best captured by two genetic but one shared environmental factor for both women and men ; however, item factor loadings differed by gender. All nicotine dependence symptoms were substantially heritable, except for the DSM-IV criterion of 'giving up or reducing important activities in order to smoke ', which was weakly familial.Conclusions. The salient behavioral indices of nicotine dependence are similar for women and men. DSM-IV criteria of tolerance, withdrawal, and experiencing difficulty quitting and HSI items time to first cigarette in the morning and number of cigarettes smoked per day may represent the most highly heritable symptoms of nicotine dependence for both women and men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining nicotine dependence for genetic research: evidence from Australian twins

et al. 2004

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“…The strengths of this study were that all the patients were comprehensively interviewed and that the data were gathered using established semi-structured interview techniques [13,16]. The series consisted of all the psychiatric adolescent patients hospitalized in a large geographical area in northern Finland within a specific space of time and enabled the formation of a reasonably large sample of adolescents with severe conduct disorder and nicotine dependence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on current smoking habits and the level of ND was collected by means of the 7-item modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ) for adolescents [11], the reliability and validity of which have been demonstrated previously [16,17]. The items in the mFTQ assess the subject's smoking rate, frequency of inhalation, interval between waking up and the first cigarette, level of unwillingness to give up the first cigarette in the morning, difficulty of refraining from smoking in places where it is forbidden, smoking despite medical illness, and smoking more during the first 2 hours than during the rest of the day.…”

Section: Measure Of Nicotine Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Riala

Ilomäki

Hakko

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the number of Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms and specific DSM-IV symptom subscales (i.e. aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules) and nicotine dependence (ND) among adolescent psychiatric inpatients in Finland. Methods Results:The total number of CD symptoms correlated with the level of ND among both the boys (adj. r= 0.31, p= 0.002) and the girls (adj. r=0.324, p= 0.006). For the boys the number of conduct symptoms correlated with the level of ND on all subscales except for aggression, while the only statistically significant correlation for the girls was found with the deceitfulness or theft subscale. A comorbid substance use disorder was statistically significantly associated with a high level of ND among both the boys (p< 0.001) and the girls (p=0.019). Conclusions:Our results suggest that both in adolescent boys and girls, the greater the number of CD symptoms, the higher the level of ND. Future studies are needed on the relationship between environmental factors, non-aggressive CD symptoms and the development of ND among adolescents with CD.

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“…The variables evaluated in this analysis include the dichotomous indicators (no for "0" and yes for ">0") for monthly smoking and weekly smoking. The variables adjusted for in the analyses included age, gender, ethnicity, and modified Fagerstrom nicotine dependence level (Prokhorov et al, 2000). Because the hypotheses were a priori directional ones assuming that the program effects on the outcomes would be positive, a one-tailed significance test was employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The responses could be a number from "0" to "100+" and were fill-in-the-blank type. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the modified Fagerstrom nicotine dependence scale (mFDQ; Prokhorov et al, 2000). To assess behavioral intention, students were asked how likely it is they would smoke cigarettes in the next 12 months (5 response categories ranging from "1: definitely not" to "5: very likely").…”

Section: Data Collection and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-month and one-year effects of Project EX-4: A classroom-based smoking prevention and cessation intervention program

Sussman

Miyano

Rohrbach

et al. 2007

Addictive Behaviors

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Objective-This study evaluated the efficacy of a version of Project EX that was adapted for implementation in the classroom context (Project EX-4). This paper reports the program outcomes based on pretest, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up surveys.Methods-An 8 session classroom-based curriculum was tested with a clustered randomized controlled trial that involved a total of 1097 students in 6 program and 6 control alternative high schools. Weekly and monthly smoking was assessed at the three time points. Outcome effects were analyzed with multi-level random coefficients models.Results-Students in the program condition experienced a greater reduction in weekly smoking and monthly smoking, at 6-and-12-month follow-ups. The net change varied between −5.1% and −7.6%, comparing the program condition to the control condition.Conclusions-The implementation of Project EX in a classroom setting produced decreases in smoking among students in the program, relative to those in the standard care control condition. It is likely that a classroom-based smoking prevention/cessation program can lead to lower overall smoking prevalence than a cessation program that is implemented in a school-based smoking cessation clinic format.

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Validation of the modified fagerström tolerance questionnaire with salivary cotinine among adolescents

Cited by 160 publications

References 7 publications

Defining nicotine dependence for genetic research: evidence from Australian twins

Defining nicotine dependence for genetic research: evidence from Australian twins

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Six-month and one-year effects of Project EX-4: A classroom-based smoking prevention and cessation intervention program

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