Validation of the Italian translation of the perceived stigma scale and resilience assessment in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND Stigmatization is the separation of an individual from a group due to aspects that make them different. Resilience may in turn influence the perception of stigma. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to stigma, although data are very limited. AIM To validate an Italian translation of the IBD perceived stigma scale (PSS) in relation to patients’ resilience. METHODS Consecutive IBD outpatients were prospectively enrolled (December 2018-September 2019) in an Italian, tertiary referral, IBD center. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Stigma and resilience were evaluated through the IBD-PSS and the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, respectively. The International Quality of Life Assessment Project approach was followed to translate the IBD-PSS into Italian and to establish data quality. Higher scores represent greater perceived stigma and resilience. Multivariable analysis for factors associated with greater stigma was computed. RESULTS Overall, 126 IBD patients (mean age 46.1 ± 16.9) were enrolled. The International Quality of Life Assessment criteria for acceptable psychometric properties of the scale were satisfied, with optimal data completeness. There was no ceiling effect, whilst floor effect was present (7.1%). The discriminant validity and the internal consistency reliability were good (Cronbach alpha = 0.87). The overall internal consistency was 95%, and the test-retest reliability was excellent 0.996. The median PSS score was 0.45 (0.20-0.85). Resilience negatively correlated with perceived stigma (Spearman’s correlation = -0.18, 95% confidence intervals: -0.42-0.08, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION We herein validated the Italian translation of the PSS scale, also demonstrating that resilience negatively impacts perceived stigma.

Alcohol binge drinking in adolescence and psychological profile: Can the preclinical model crack the chicken-or-egg question?

“…The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores meaning higher resilience. The internal consistency of the scale was previously confirmed by α = 0.93 (35).…”

“…Rats were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n = 7 per group): alcohol naïve (CTRL) rats and bingelike alcohol-exposed (BAW) rats. BAW rats were exposed to alcohol in an intermittent binge-like alcohol paradigm during adolescence (PND [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. The 25% alcohol solution was daily prepared and administered per os (38), at the dosage of 3.5 g/kg (39), 3 days a week, every other day, for a total of 9 exposure, as previously described (30).…”

Psychosocial Adaptation Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

“… 44 Data showed that sigma was highly prevalent among IBD patients (up to 84%) due to lack of public awareness and knowledge about IBD. 45 Patients considered IBD to be more stigmatizing than other stigmatized diseases (e.g., AIDS and cancer), especially among young patients. 45 In the present study, most of the participants (87.44%) were middle-aged and young adults.…”

“… 45 Patients considered IBD to be more stigmatizing than other stigmatized diseases (e.g., AIDS and cancer), especially among young patients. 45 In the present study, most of the participants (87.44%) were middle-aged and young adults. Due to stigma, IBD patients sometimes engaged in self-isolating behaviors rather than disclosing the disease to others, which generated psychological distress (e.g., anxiety, depression) and decreased medication adherence, ultimately impacting their psychosocial adaptation.…”

Stigmatization and resilience in inflammatory bowel disease patients at one-year follow-up

“…Additionally, it can be trained via resilience-enhancing programs and the development of mindfulness (26)(27)(28). Resilience can be measured with objective scales, and one of the most used worldwide is the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC25) (29).…”