Validation of the Indonesian resilience evaluation scale in an undergraduate student population

Abstract

Background Psychological resilience is an important factor in coping with Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) and might mitigate the development of trauma-related disorders. Due to the high risk of natural disasters, criminal activity, and transportation accidents among the Indonesian population, it is critical to assess psychological resilience as a protective factor. This study aimed to validate the Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES) in Indonesian undergraduate students. Methods We recruited 327 students (78% female, the mean age is 19.61 (SD = 1.24)) between March and June 2020 using convenience sampling, 256 (78.28%) of whom completed the RES twice with an interval of 2 weeks for test-retest reliability purposes. Parallel Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis were performed to examine the construct validity of the RES. The internal consistency and the test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach Alpha, Pearson Correlations, and Interclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Convergent and divergent validity were examined using Pearson Correlations. Results EFA analysis yielded a two-factor structure for the final eight-item Indonesian version of RES, which reflected two underlying constructs of resilience: self-confidence and self-efficacy. The Indonesian version of RES demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.74–0.82) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.68–0.78; ICC = 0.67–0.78). The result showed that the RES total and subscale scores positively correlated with all criterion variables (resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, level of global functioning, and adaptive coping strategy; r = 0.27–0.73). RES total and subscale scores negatively correlated with opposite constructs (PTSD, depression, social/work impairment, and maladaptive coping strategy; r = - 0.27– -0.46). Conclusions The current study showed that the Indonesian RES is a valid and reliable measurement of psychological resilience in Indonesian undergraduate students. The final 8-item Indonesian RES, a freely available resilience instrument, is recommended for future studies and public mental health initiatives in the Indonesian population.

Psychometric properties of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in the United States

“…The severity analysis was conducted by creating the GPS Symptoms’ severity groups based on the percentile cut-off points as follows: low (≤30th percentile), mild (31–74th percentile), moderate (75–94th percentile), and severe (≥95th percentile; Fissette et al, 2014 ; Primasari et al, 2021 ). Lower scores on the GPS functioning were expected in more severe categories of trauma-related symptoms.…”

Personal and social factors of resilience: Factorial validity and internal consistency of Indonesian Read

“…When experiencing a stressful situation, Indonesians are easily affected [26] . Several studies are more methodological, including the study by Octaryani & Baidun [27] which studied the validity test of the resilience construct, Borualogo & Jefferies [28] on the adaptation of the child and youth resilience measurement instrument into Indonesian, Hayatini & Dimyati [29] on the validity and the reliability of the resilience scale for Islamic boarding school students, and Primasari, Hoeboer, Bakker & Olff [30] regarding the validation of the Indonesian resilience evaluation scale for undergraduate students. Some differences can be found between those studies.…”