Validation of the i-STAT and HemoCue systems for the analysis of blood parameters in the bar-headed goose,<i>Anser indicus</i>

Harter, Till S.; Reichert, Michelle; Brauner, Colin J.; Milsom, William K.

doi:10.1093/conphys/cov021

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[Hb] (g dl −1 ), Hct (%), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (Pa O2 ; kPa), arterial pH ( pH a ) and arterial bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO 3 − ] a ; mmol l −1 ) were analysed from arterial blood at 41°C using CG8+ cartridges with the i-STAT VetScan Analyzer (Abaxis, Union City, CA, USA). All i-STAT values were corrected according to Harter et al (2015). We used the correction factors determined for bar-headed geese for all species, assuming that these corrections should apply for all nucleated bird blood.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese and Andean birds

Lague

Chua

Alza

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Many high-altitude vertebrates have evolved increased capacities in their oxygen transport cascade (ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, circulation and tissue diffusion), enhancing oxygen transfer from the atmosphere to mitochondria. However, the extent of interspecies variation in the control processes that dictate hypoxia responses remains largely unknown. We compared the metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory responses to progressive decreases in inspired oxygen levels of bar-headed geese (), birds that biannually migrate across the Himalayan mountains, with those of Andean geese () and crested ducks (), lifelong residents of the high Andes. We show that Andean geese and crested ducks have evolved fundamentally different mechanisms for maintaining oxygen supply during low oxygen (hypoxia) from those of bar-headed geese. Bar-headed geese respond to hypoxia with robust increases in ventilation and heart rate, whereas Andean species increase lung oxygen extraction and cardiac stroke volume. We propose that transient high-altitude performance has favoured the evolution of robust convective oxygen transport recruitment in hypoxia, whereas life-long high-altitude residency has favoured the evolution of structural enhancements to the lungs and heart that increase lung diffusion and stroke volume.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese and Andean birds

Lague

Chua

Alza

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…were determined at 41°C using the Tucker method (Tucker, 1967) cartridges with the i-STAT VetScan Analyzer (Abaxis, Union City, CA, USA). All i-STAT values were corrected according to Harter et al (2015). [HCO 3 − ] a was calculated using the HendersonHasselbach equation, assuming a pK of 6.090 and a CO 2 solubility coefficient of 0.2117 mmol l −1 kPa −1 in plasma (Helbecka et al, 1964;Scott and Milsom, 2007).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We corrected the Hct and [Hb] data collected by the i-STAT VetScan Analyzer for all groups based on the calibrations derived for bar-headed geese in Harter et al (2015). Data are presented as means±s.e.m.…”

Section: Data and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitude matters: differences in cardiovascular and respiratory responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese reared at high and low altitudes

Lague

Chua

Farrell

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) fly at high altitudes during their migration across the Himalayas and Tibetan plateau. However, we know relatively little about whether rearing at high altitude (i.e. phenotypic plasticity) facilitates this impressive feat because most of what is known about their physiology comes from studies performed at sea level. To provide this information, a comprehensive analysis of metabolic, cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to progressive decreases in the equivalent fractional composition of inspired oxygen (FI O2 : 0.21, 0.12, 0.09, 0.07 and 0.05) was made on bar-headed geese reared at either high altitude (3200 m) or low altitude (0 m) and on barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis), a low-altitude migrating species, reared at low altitude (0 m). Bar-headed geese reared at high altitude exhibited lower metabolic rates and a modestly increased hypoxic ventilatory response compared with low-altitudereared bar-headed geese. Although the in vivo oxygen equilibrium curves and blood-oxygen carrying capacity did not differ between the two bar-headed goose study groups, the blood-oxygen carrying capacity was higher than that of barnacle geese. Resting cardiac output also did not differ between groups and increased at least twofold during progressive hypoxia, initially as a result of increases in stroke volume. However, cardiac output increased at a higher FI O2 threshold in bar-headed geese raised at high altitude. Thus, bar-headed geese reared at high altitude exhibited a reduced oxygen demand at rest and a modest but significant increase in oxygen uptake and delivery during progressive hypoxia compared with barheaded geese reared at low altitude.

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“…We do not consider high‐elevation mountain crossings, such as trans‐Himalayan migrations (e.g., Harter et al. ), to be altitudinal migration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Altitudinal migration by birds: a review of the literature and a comprehensive list of species

2017

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Altitudinal migration is the seasonal altitudinal movement of birds from breeding areas to non‐breeding or wintering areas at different elevations. Although this type of migration is widely reported, questions remain concerning the number of species that perform altitudinal migration, possible variation among different taxa and geographic locations in the extent of altitudinal migration, and the foraging guilds of altitudinal migrants. We conducted an extensive bibliographic survey and compiled a list of altitudinal migrant birds worldwide. We characterized species in terms of their foraging guilds because the spatial distribution of food resources along altitudinal gradients is often evoked as a driver of bird altitudinal migration. We identified 1238 species of altitudinal migrants, ~10% of the ~10,000 extant species of birds. We found a strong geographic bias in publications focusing on avian altitudinal migration toward the United States and Costa Rica, and a paucity of studies in megadiverse regions such as the Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms, and areas in the Neotropics other than Costa Rica. We also found that most species of altitudinal migrants were invertivores rather than frugivores or nectarivores. This general pattern held true for all zoogeographic realms except the Neotropics, where nectarivores and frugivores predominated among altitudinal migrants. The prevalence of invertivore birds among altitudinal migrants is not unexpected because this is the most common foraging guild among birds worldwide. Overall, we found no prevalence of any specific foraging guild among altitudinal migrants across zoogeographic regions. The results of studies to date suggest that altitudinal migration by birds may be driven by a number of factors, including access to increased food resources for breeding or molting, weather conditions, and mating and nesting opportunities. However, to better understand the mechanisms underlying altitudinal migration, broadening the geographic scope of studies is paramount, with additional study of altitudinal migration especially needed in the megadiverse tropical regions of sub‐Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America.

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Validation of the i-STAT and HemoCue systems for the analysis of blood parameters in the bar-headed goose,Anser indicus

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Divergent respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese and Andean birds

Divergent respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese and Andean birds

Altitude matters: differences in cardiovascular and respiratory responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese reared at high and low altitudes

Altitudinal migration by birds: a review of the literature and a comprehensive list of species

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