Validation of the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWA (HASI-P)

Holzemer, William L.; Uys, Leana R.; Chirwa, Maureen; Greeff, Minrie; Makoae, Lucia N.; Kohi, Thecla W.; Dlamini, Priscilla S.; Stewart, Anita L.; Mullan, Joseph T.; Phetlhu, René; Wantland, Dean; Durrheim, Kevin

doi:10.1080/09540120701245999

Cited by 177 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We started with a qualititative study based on focus group interviews to understand HIV stigma from the perspectives of nurses 1,2 and those living with HIV infection [3][4][5][6][7] and then developed two instruments to measure HIV stigma in the African context 4,8 . We then used these two instruments to monitor HIV stigma over the period of 1 year in all five countries, in a group of people living with HIV infection and a group of nurses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Health Setting-Based Stigma Intervention in Five African Countries

Uys

Chirwa

Kohi

et al. 2009

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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The study aim is to explore the results of an HIV stigma intervention in five African health care settings. A case study approach was used. The intervention consisted of bringing together a team of approximately 10 nurses and 10 people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHA) in each setting and facilitating a process in which they planned and implemented a stigma reduction intervention, involving both information giving and empowerment. Nurses (n ¼ 134) completed a demographic questionnaire, the HIV=AIDS Stigma Instrument-Nurses (HASI-N), a selfefficacy scale, and a self-esteem scale, both before and after the intervention, and the team completed a similar set of instruments before and after the intervention, with the PLHA completing the HIV=AIDS Stigma Instrument for PLHA (HASI-P). The intervention as implemented in all five countries was inclusive, action-oriented, and well received. It led to understanding and mutual support between nurses and PLHA and created some momentum in all the settings for continued activity. PLHA involved in the intervention teams reported less stigma and increased self-esteem. Nurses in the intervention teams and those in the settings reported no reduction in stigma or increases in self-esteem and self-efficacy, but their HIV testing behavior increased significantly. This pilot study indicates that the stigma experience of PLHA can be decreased, but that the stigma experiences of nurses are less easy to change. Further evaluation research with control groups and larger samples and measuring change over longer periods of time is indicated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Health Setting-Based Stigma Intervention in Five African Countries

Uys

Chirwa

Kohi

et al. 2009

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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“…This finding is of particular significance since the respondents are themselves nurses in the making and yet reveal strongly that bad attitudes of care providers prevent them from using available health care services It is vital to integrate peer education with reproductive health and HIV services to improve on the distribution of opportunities to access health services among young women (USAID & FHI 2006). Stigma hinders using of services such as voluntary counseling and testing (Holzemer et al 2007. In addition, 68% of the respondents indicated that women are shy in seeking health care services and that is a major barrier (Mba 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of knowledge and factors that exposed young female student nurses to hiv infection at the university of Namibia, oshakati campus

Pinehas

Uushona²

2016

IJANS

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Background: This study presents an assessment of knowledge and an investigation of specific factors that expose young female student nurses to HIV and AIDS at university of Namibia, Oshakati Campus. The concern over to what young female student nurses are able to control various issues of their sexual lives is critical question for health promotion and the prevention of further HIV infection. Student nurses are believed to have adequate information about HIV and AIDS compared to other young people in the communities. Aim: To assess HIV and AIDS knowledge levels and investigates factors that make young female nurses vulnerable to HIV infection at UNAM, Oshakati Campus Method: A mixed-method approach was employed to collect the necessary data, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology. Qualitative data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire whereas qualitative data was gathered by means of focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 18, and results from the focus group discussions were grouped into themes and subthemes and analyzed using thematic analysis. Random sampling with replacement technique namely, the fishbowl technique was used to select respondent and participants. This ensures equal and independent chance of being selected each time. Results: Most respondents indicated to have adequate knowledge about HIV and AIDS and had positive attitude necessary to effect behavioral change and implementation of prevention and care strategies. Most respondents were aware of their risk factors and aspects that increased individual vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. While the knowledge and attitude were identified as adequate, the practices of the respondents did not explicit indicate adequate level of responsible behavior among the young female student nurses in the face of HIV and AIDS. Conclusion: Student nurses identified HIV and AIDS as a problem of "others" and continue to report that infection would be an accidental exposure as a result of their profession or perceived powerless over sexual matters and income inequalities. Prevention remains a challenge in planning programs needed to address risky sexual behavior among students due to structural, social, socio-economic dynamics, individual circumstances, gender and biological vulnerability.

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“…§ Otros instrumentos que miden el mismo constructo: Algunos enunciados incluidos en otros instrumentos reconocidos que evalúan el mismo constructo fueron tomados como referencia para la redacción de algunos de los ítems preliminares. Los instrumentos considerados fueron: HIV Stigma Scale (Sowell et al, 1997), HIV Stigma Scale (Berger et al, 2001), HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument -PLWA (HASI-P, Holzemer et al, 2007), Internalized Stigma Scale , HIV Related Stigma Scales (Visser et al, 2008), HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale para Latinos GBT (Molina & Ramirez-Valles, 2013) y Van Rie HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma Scale (Kipp et al, 2015). Particularmente, se consideraron aquellos ítems que funcionaban psicométricamente bien en sus instrumentos de origen, que eran teóricamente muy representativos de la dimensión a la que correspondían y/o describían situaciones que habían sido mencionadas por las personas entrevistadas como habituales en el contexto del AMBA.…”

Section: B Preparación De Los Reactivosunclassified

Avances en la construcción del Inventario de Estigma relacionado con el VIH (IE-VIH) en Buenos Aires, Argentina

et al. 2017

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RESUMENLa expresión del estigma relacionado con el VIH, siendo culturalmente determinada, ha sufrido cambios a través de las décadas, asumiendo formas más sutiles, aunque igualmente perjudiciales. Por consiguiente, con el fin de medir este constructo, deben ser desarrollados nuevos instrumentos más actualizados y que capturen sus particularidades en contextos específicos. Tres dimensiones del estigma son reconocidas por los principales marcos teóricos: internalizado, anticipado y experimentado. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron explorar el funcionamiento de un conjunto inicial de ítems de un nuevo instrumento para medir estigma, obtener evidencia de confiabilidad y validez del instrumento y describir los niveles de estigma en personas con VIH adultas del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA). Cinco expertos evaluaron la claridad, relevancia y validez de contenido de 88 reactivos preliminares. Una versión depurada de 77 ítems fue administrada a una muestra piloto. El análisis estadístico incluyó el análisis descriptivo de los ítems, alfas de Cronbach para establecer la confiabilidad y correlaciones con la Escala de Estigma de VIH, para verificar la validez de criterio. La muestra final consistió en 46 personas con VIH, adultas, residentes en el AMBA (67% hombres, 31% mujeres y 2% mujeres transgénero). La media de edad fue de 41 años (DE = 10.68). Cincuenta ítems con adecuada asimetría, curtosis y correlación ítem-total fueron conservados. Las escalas mostraron buena confiabilidad: Internalizado = .86; Anticipado = .85 y Experimentado = .86. Cada escala correlacionó positiva y significativamente con su criterio. Se hallaron niveles más elevados de estigma anticipado, que de estigma internalizado y experimentado. Este nuevo instrumento diseñado para medir estigma relacionado con el VIH considerando sus particularidades locales, ha demostrado adecuada confiabilidad y validez, en esta primera etapa de su construcción. La etapa siguiente consistirá en un análisis factorial con una muestra de mayor tamaño con el fin de incrementar la evidencia de validez.

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Validation of the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—PLWA (HASI-P)

Cited by 177 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of a Health Setting-Based Stigma Intervention in Five African Countries

Evaluation of a Health Setting-Based Stigma Intervention in Five African Countries

An assessment of knowledge and factors that exposed young female student nurses to hiv infection at the university of Namibia, oshakati campus

Avances en la construcción del Inventario de Estigma relacionado con el VIH (IE-VIH) en Buenos Aires, Argentina

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