Validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) questionnaire in pediatric patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy aged 7–16 years

Wang, Y. Grace; Menno, Diane; Chen, Abby; Steininger, Teresa L.; Morris, Susan; Black, Jed; Profant, Judi; Johns, Murray W.

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.11.003

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We used the ESS-CHAD to assess sleepiness symptoms ( 46 ), a reliable and internally valid measure of daytime sleepiness in adolescents ( 47 , 48 ). The scale has a total of eight items, with a total score of 0–24.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep disorders mediate the link between childhood trauma and depression severity in children and adolescents with depression

et al. 2022

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BackgroundChildhood trauma is closely related to the onset of depression and more severe depressive symptoms; however, the specific mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and sleep disorders in children and adolescents with depression and to explore further the role of sleep disorders in the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity.MethodsA total of 285 children and adolescents with depression completed all scale assessments, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Self-Reported Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A simple mediation model was used as a theoretical model to examine whether sleep disorders could mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity.ResultsAmong children and adolescents with depression, childhood trauma is about 78.9%. Compared with patients without childhood trauma, patients with childhood trauma had a higher incidence of sleep disorders (Z = 17.59, P < 0.001), which were characterized by insomnia (Z = 14.45, P < 0.001), not hypersomnia (Z = 2.77, P = 0.096). Different childhood trauma subtypes significantly affected sleep disorders and insomnia (all P < 0.05). Insomnia partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity, and the mediating effect accounted for 35.90%.ConclusionThis study found a high rate of concurrent childhood trauma and insomnia among children and adolescents with depression. Insomnia, as a mediator between childhood trauma and depression severity, partially mediates the relationship.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep disorders mediate the link between childhood trauma and depression severity in children and adolescents with depression

et al. 2022

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“…Internal consistency of the ESS-CHAD was assessed in a single study using retrospective clinical trial data [ 32 ]. Using an N1 population ( n = 100), Cronbach’s α was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68–0.82).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Test–retest reliability of the ESS-CHAD was explored using retrospective analysis of clinical trial data [ 32 ]. Children and adolescents ( n = 64) were assessed, with an ICC: 0.76 reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity of the ESS-CHAD to discriminate between treated/non-treated cohorts and between sex in children was assessed through retrospective analysis of clinical trial data ( n = 100) [ 32 ]. A two-tailed t -test was used to calculate the mean difference between female/male (−0.68) and nontreated/treated (2.84) participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A retrospective analysis of clinical trial data was used to explore the responsiveness of the ESS-CHAD in children (<18 years) diagnosed with N1 ( n = 59) [ 32 ]. The study found the ESS-CHAD was able to show a statistically significant difference in means pre- and post-treatment; however, this was rated indeterminant due to the use of a paired t -test and no evidence of an MCID used in the study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures frequently used in narcolepsy randomized controlled trials: a systematic review

Schokman

Bin

Naehrig

et al. 2022

Sleep

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Study objectives To systematically determine subjective and objective outcome measures used to measure efficacy of narcolepsy interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults and children and assess psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used. Methods We searched bibliographical databases and clinical trial registries for narcolepsy RCTs and extracted objective and subjective outcome measures. If PROMs were used, we searched for psychometric studies conducted in a narcolepsy population using bibliographical databases and appraised using Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Results 80 different outcome measures were used across 100 RCTs. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (n=49) and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (n=47) were the most frequently used outcome measures. We found nineteen validation studies of ten PROMs in narcolepsy populations. There was limited evidence for validity or responsiveness of the ESS; yet sufficient reliability (pooled ICC: 0.81–0.87). Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS) had sufficient reliability (pooled ICC: 0.71–0.92) and both adult and pediatric versions had sufficient discriminant validity (treated/untreated). Content validity was only evaluated in pediatric populations for ESS-CHAD and NSS-P and rated inconclusive. Quality of evidence of the psychometric studies for all scales ranged from very low to low. Conclusions Although recognized by regulatory bodies and widely used as primary outcome measures in trials, there is surprisingly little evidence for validity, reliability and responsiveness of PROMs frequently used to assess treatment efficacy in narcolepsy. The field needs to establish patient-centred minimal clinically important difference for the PROMs used in these trials.

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Approach to a sleepy child: Diagnosis and treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents

Bruni¹

2023

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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Validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) questionnaire in pediatric patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy aged 7–16 years

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Sleep disorders mediate the link between childhood trauma and depression severity in children and adolescents with depression

Sleep disorders mediate the link between childhood trauma and depression severity in children and adolescents with depression

Evaluation of psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures frequently used in narcolepsy randomized controlled trials: a systematic review

Approach to a sleepy child: Diagnosis and treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents

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