Validation of the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA) in Vietnam

Thai, Truc Thanh; Loan, Kim; Nguyen, Nguyen Do; Dixon, Jason; Sun, Jiandong; Dunne, Michael P.

doi:10.1177/1010539512440818

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the current study, the CES-D had very good reliability similar to that reported for the original version [ 12 ] and reasonably similar to studies employing this scale in adolescents and young adults without HIV in Vietnam, where Cronbach’s alpha has been reported to range from 0.78 to 0.86 [ 25 , 26 , 29 , 43 ]. Compared to other validation studies, especially in non-US, high HIV burden settings, the Cronbach’s alpha in this study was similar to a self-report-based study in tuberculosis and HIV patients in Zambia (α = 0.84) [ 15 ] but lower than an interview-based study among pregnant women with and without HIV in Uganda (α = 0.92) [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Factor analysis conducted with samples of general population and psychiatric patients indicates that the CES-D has four factors: depressed affect, positive affect, somatic complaints and interpersonal problems [ 12 ]. Although the CES-D was available in the Vietnamese language in previous studies [ 23 , 24 , 29 ], the original version was also translated into Vietnamese independently both by the first author and an accredited translator. Differences between researcher and the accredited translator were discussed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening value of the Center for epidemiologic studies – depression scale among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a validation study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundDepression is believed to be under-diagnosed and under-treated in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). Early screening and referral to mental health services for treatment has been shown to enhance HIV patients’ health during the course of HIV treatment. A lack of psychiatric specialist services for PLHIV at outpatient clinics (OPC) in Vietnam leads to insufficient identification of depression. However, alternative approaches are available such as the use of screening scales. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale (CES-D) in Vietnamese HIV positive outpatients.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 400 HIV positive outpatients was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that included the CES-D. Participants were also interviewed independently by a psychiatrist who assessed for symptoms of major depressive disorder. CES-D reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion validity was evaluated by ROC analysis, Kappa index and the percentage of agreement between the CES-D and psychiatrists’ interview. Construct validity was investigated by confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe reliability for the whole scale was good (Cronbach α = 0.81). The four sub-scales of the CES-D had lower levels of internal consistency with Cronbach alpha of 0.71, 0.73, 0.71 and 0.58 for somatic complaints, depressive affect, positive affect and interpersonal problems respectively. CES-D has adequate construct validity with CFI = 0.926, IFI = 0.927, GFI = 0.930 and RMSEA = 0.045 (90 % CI = 0.037–0.053) in the final four-factor model. Area under curve was 0.88 indicating good criterion validity. At the cutoff of 16, the sensitivity and specificity were 79.8 % and 83.0 % respectively while the percentage of agreement between the CES-D and psychiatrists’ interview was 82.0 % with Kappa index at 0.60.ConclusionsThe CES-D was shown to be acceptable, reliable and valid for screening symptoms of depression in Vietnamese HIV outpatient clinic settings where mental health specialists are not always available. Routine use of the CES-D at HIV outpatient clinics, in combination with the availability of free-for-all national mental health services, is likely to be beneficial in improving the lives of PLHIV in Vietnam who have depression.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0860-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening value of the Center for epidemiologic studies – depression scale among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a validation study

et al. 2016

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“…There may be a number of contributing factors. Although no associations were found between self-reported (single item) ‘academic achievement’ and any of the three risk behaviors, media reports and other research in Vietnam (26, 27) have highlighted educational stress to be a significant problem in Vietnam. Pressure to succeed academically has negative effects on the well-being and behavior of young people, especially children living in urban areas (18, 19, 21, 26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Factors associated with health risk behavior among school children in urban Vietnam

Phuong¹,

Huong

Tien

et al. 2013

Global Health Action

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BackgroundHealth risk behavior among young people is a public health problem in Vietnam. In addition, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for those aged 15–29 years. The consequences can be devastating for adolescents and their families, and can create a significant economic burden on society.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify protective and risk factors that may influence three health risk behaviors among school children: suicidal thinking (ST), drinking alcohol (DA), and underage motorbike driving (MD).MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 972 adolescents (aged 12–15 years) was conducted in two secondary schools in Hanoi, Vietnam. The schools were purposely selected, one each from the inner city and a suburban area, from which classes (grade 6 to 8) were randomly selected. All students attending classes on survey days took part in the survey. The anonymous, self-completed questionnaire included measures of risk behavior, school connectedness, parental bonding, and other factors. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between the independent variables and the three health risk behaviors controlling for confounding factors.ResultsYoung people in the inner city school reported a higher prevalence of all three risk behaviors than those in the suburban area (ST: 16.1% [95% confidence interval, or CI, 12.9–19.3] versus 4.6% [95% CI 2.7–6.5], p<0.001; DA: 20.3% [95% CI 16.8–23.8] versus 8.3% [95% CI 5.8–10.8], p<0.001, and MD: 10.1% [95% CI 7.4–12.8] versus 5.7% [95% CI 3.6–7.8], p<0.01). School connectedness and mother and father care appeared to be significant protective factors. For males, bullying in school was associated with suicidal thoughts, whereas for both males and females, school connectedness may be protective against suicidal ideation.ConclusionThis study supports findings from other nations regarding suicidal thoughts and alcohol use, and appears to be one of the first to examine risk and protective factors forMD. Health promotion within schools should be introduced to improve students’ feelings of connectedness in combination with communication and education campaigns focusing on parental care and engaging teachers for the promotion of safer, supportive school environments.

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“…Educational stress was measured by the Vietnamese version of the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA-VN) [ 15 ]. Responses to the 16 items are on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bruxism, Related Factors and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Vietnamese Medical Students

Phương

Ngọc

Linh

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Although bruxism is a common issue with a high prevalence, there has been a lack of epidemiological data about bruxism in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of bruxism and its impact on oral health-related quality of life among Vietnamese medical students. Bruxism was assessed by the Bruxism Assessment Questionnaire. Temporomandibular disorders were clinically examined followed by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I. Perceived stress, educational stress, and oral health-related quality of life were assessed using the Vietnamese version of Perceived Stress Scale 10, the Vietnamese version of the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents, and the Vietnamese version of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile, respectively. The prevalence of bruxism, sleep bruxism, awake bruxism, and both conditions in Vietnamese medical students were 51.2%, 38.2%, 23.4%, and 10.4% respectively. Stress, temporomandibular joint pain, masticatory muscle pain, and tooth attrition were associated with the presence of bruxism. Vietnamese medical students were negatively affected by bruxism in terms of oral health-related quality of life.

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Validation of the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA) in Vietnam

Abstract: The ESSA is a suitable measure for school-based mental health research in Asia.

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Screening value of the Center for epidemiologic studies – depression scale among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a validation study

Screening value of the Center for epidemiologic studies – depression scale among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a validation study

Factors associated with health risk behavior among school children in urban Vietnam

Bruxism, Related Factors and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Vietnamese Medical Students

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