Validation of the ecosystem services of created wetlands: Two decades of plant succession, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration in experimental riverine marshes

Mitsch, William J.; Zhang, Li; Waletzko, Evan J.; Bernal, Blanca

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.108

Cited by 97 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It has, e.g., been reported that P removal decreases [17] and may even become negative with time. In a more recent study, Mitsch et al [18] combined the data reported by Mitsch et al [17] with data for two subsequent years and showed that although there was a significant declining trend for the entire period (1994-2010), there was also a significant improving trend at the end of the period (2003-2010). One explanation for this pattern could be that the wetlands were created on former agricultural soil and that it took a decade or so to wash the accumulated P out of the soil.…”

Section: Secondary Domestic Wastewater 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When comparing different studies, the removal efficiency varies considerably, which makes it difficult to assess the extent to which wetland creation is an efficient measure to reduce eutrophication. Several previous studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] (cited in the protocol for this systematic review [19]) have indicated that removal differences between wetlands are related to a number of different factors such as inflow concentration, load variations, hydraulic retention time, temperature, hydraulic efficiency, and type of wetland. This calls for a systematic review of removal rates and how they are influenced by the wetland characteristics, loading differences, and environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How effective are created or restored freshwater wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus removal? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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Background: Eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world. In Europe, EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive), international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reduce the input of nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. A widely used method to achieve this is to allow water to pass through a created or restored wetland. However, the large variation in measured nutrient removal rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. Methods:Searches for primary studies were performed in electronic databases and on the internet. One author performed the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. To check that the screening was consistent and complied with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles were screened by the other authors. When screening at full-text level the articles were evenly distributed among the authors. Kappa tests were used to evaluate screening consistency. Relevant articles remaining after screening were critically appraised and assigned to three quality categories, from two of which data were extracted. Quantitative synthesis consists of meta-analyses and response surface analyses. Regressions were performed using generalized additive models that can handle nonlinear relationships and interaction effects.Results: Searches generated 5853 unique records. After screening on relevance and critical appraisal, 93 articles including 203 wetlands were used for data extraction. Most of the wetlands were situated in Europe and North America. The removal rate of both total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) is highly dependent on the loading rate. Significant relationships were also found for annual average air temperature (T) and wetland area (A). Median removal rates of TN and TP were 93 and 1.2 g m −2 year −1 , respectively. Removal efficiency for TN was significantly correlated with hydrologic loading rate (HLR) and T, and the median was 37 %, with a 95 % confidence interval of 29-44 %. Removal efficiency for TP was significantly correlated with inlet TP concentration, HLR, T, and A. Median TP removal efficiency was 46 % with a 95 % confidence interval of 37-55 %. Although there are small differences in average values between the two quality categories, the variation is considerably smaller among high quality studies compared to studies with lower quality. This suggests that part of the large variation between studies may be explained by less rigorous study designs. Conclusions:On average, created and restored wetlands significantly reduce the transport of TN and TP in treated wastewater and urban and agricultural runoff, and may thus be effective in efforts to counteract eutrophication. However, restored wetlands on former farmland were significantly less efficient than other wetlands at TP removal.

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Section: Secondary Domestic Wastewater 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How effective are created or restored freshwater wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus removal? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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“…On average, the hydraulic residence time of river water in the wetland system is 3 to 5 days and atrazine concentrations seasonally reach up to 10-12 ppb levels. Further background information on this created wetland system has been presented by Mitsch et al (2012Mitsch et al ( , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of atrazine-degrading bacteria and catabolic genes in the water column and sediment of a created wetland in an agricultural/urban watershed

Douglass

Radosevich

Tuovinen

2015

Ecological Engineering

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“…Results from two modelling efforts were used to estimate modelled water budgets in natural wetlands ( n = 5 model estimates) and constructed wetlands ( n = 2 model estimates). Data compiled from Crisp (1966); Hemond (); Hey, Barrett, and Biegen (); Lent et al (); Daniels et al (); Choi and Harvey (); Nungesser and Chimney (); Strosnider, Hitchcock, Burke, and Lewitus (); Caldwell, Vepraskas, Skaggs, and Gregory (); Ayub, Zakaria, Abdullah, and Ramli (); Mitsch, Zhang, Waletzko, and Bernal ()…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

Eger

Chandler

Driscoll

2017

Hydrological Processes

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Using water budget data from published literature, we demonstrate how hydrologic processes govern the function of various stormwater infrastructure technologies. Hydrologic observations are displayed on a Water Budget Triangle, a ternary plot tool developed to visualize simplified water budgets, enabling side‐by‐side comparison of green and grey approaches to stormwater management. The tool indicates ranges of hydrologic function for green roofs, constructed wetlands, cisterns, bioretention, and other stormwater control management structures. Water budgets are plotted for several example systems to provide insight on structural and environmental design factors, and seasonal variation in hydrologic processes of stormwater management systems. Previously published water budgets and models are used to suggest appropriate operational standards for several green and grey stormwater control structures and compare between conventional and low‐impact development approaches. We compare models, characterize and quantify water budgets and expected ranges for green and grey infrastructure systems, and demonstrate how the Water Budget Triangle tool may help users to develop a data‐driven approach for understanding design and retrofit of green stormwater infrastructure.

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Validation of the ecosystem services of created wetlands: Two decades of plant succession, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration in experimental riverine marshes

Cited by 97 publications

References 57 publications

How effective are created or restored freshwater wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus removal? A systematic review

How effective are created or restored freshwater wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus removal? A systematic review

Molecular analysis of atrazine-degrading bacteria and catabolic genes in the water column and sediment of a created wetland in an agricultural/urban watershed

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

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