Validation of the Dutch Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire

Abstract

Abstract. Mental imagery plays an important role in the onset and maintenance of psychological disorders as well as their treatment. Therefore, a reliable and valid measure of mental imagery is essential. Andrade and colleagues (2014) developed the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (PsiQ), which contains 35 items (long version) or 21 items (shortened version) measuring the vividness of mental imagery in seven different modalities: vision, sound, smell, taste, touch, bodily sensation, and emotion. Andrade et al. reported a seven-factor structure corresponding to the different modalities for both versions rather than a one-factor model measuring general mental imagery. The current paper reports on the translation and validation of the Dutch version of the PsiQ (PsiQ-NL-35 and PsiQ-NL-21). In two independent samples (student and mixed), the PsiQ-NL-35 showed excellent internal consistency, adequate model fit for the seven-factor model, and a poor fit for the one-factor model. Test-retest reliability (Study 1, student sample) was good. Construct validity (Study 2, mixed sample) was adequate. The PsiQ-NL-21 also showed excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, adequate seven-factor model fit, and adequate construct validity. Measurement invariance between the Dutch and the English version was found, implying that both versions measure the same construct.

Developing and Validating a Japanese Version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (Psi-Q)

“…However, these interpretations of cultural differences in taste, smell, and sound are only tentative and will be veri ed in the future. Furthermore, Psi-Q has already been translated into Spanish (Pérez-Fabello & Campos, 2020) and Dutch (Woelk et al, 2022), and comparative studies with more diverse cultures could be conducted.…”

“…Furthermore, by translating the Psi-Q, which is already in use in various countries, we can examine cultural differences in multisensory imagery. Although a Spanish version (Pérez-Fabello & Campos, 2020) and a Dutch version (Woelk et al, 2022) of this scale have already been developed, to our knowledge there are no studies examining cultural differences in multisensory imagery ability. It is not a country comparison, but Talamini et al (2022) asked musicians and non-musicians to complete questionnaires on visual and auditory imagery abilities, and found that musicians had higher auditory imagery abilities, while there was no difference in visual imagery abilities.…”

Developing and validating a Japanese version of the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire

“…Nevertheless, these interpretations of cultural differences particularly in sound, smell, and taste are only tentative and must be verified in the future. Furthermore, the Psi-Q has already been translated into Spanish (Pérez-Fabello and Campos, 2020) and Dutch (Woelk et al, 2022), and comparative studies with more diverse cultures should be conducted.…”

“…Although we were able to develop a Japanese version of the Psi-Q and validate its validity and reliability in this study, several limitations must be mentioned. First, as with the original and translated versions (Andrade et al, 2014;Pérez-Fabello and Campos, 2020;Woelk et al, 2022), the short version was created by reducing items from the long version, and some concerns have been noted with this method of creation (c.f., Aquino et al, 2018), as the same item may be regarded differently in the long and short versions. Second, although we made cultural comparisons, these are exploratory results, and based on the results obtained in this study, hypotheses need to be developed and factors that cause cultural differences in multisensory mental imagery abilities need to be further explored.…”

“…This has demonstrated construct validity (r = 0.18-0.40 with the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS); Reisberg et al, 2003), internal reliability (α = 0.93-0.96 for the Psi-Q; α = 0.80-0.97 for the subscales), and retest reliability (r = 0.43-0.84). Since then, the Psi-Q has been translated worldwide, including a Spanish version (Pérez-Fabello and Campos, 2020) and a Dutch version (Woelk et al, 2022), and has become a leading scale for measuring multisensory imagery ability. The Spanish version showed a seven-factor structure as in the original version, despite having removed four items, with adequate to high internal consistency (α = 0.92 for the Psi-Q; α = 0.68-0.77 for the subscales) and correlation with the QMI (r = 0.40-0.56), confirming its construct validity.…”