Validation of the COSMED K4 b2 Portable Metabolic System

McLaughlin, James E.; King, Gordon A.; Howley, Edward T.; Bassett, David R.; Ainsworth, Barbara

doi:10.1055/s-2001-13816

Cited by 445 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The K 4 b 2 has been accepted to accurately measure V O 2 and estimate energy expenditure over a wide range of metabolic rates in adults. 9 Energy expenditure during load was measured with the same open-circuit system during training sessions in the gym (basketball and rugby), on an outdoor clay court as well as on an indoor hard court (tennis). Measurements were made during a typical training session focusing on the player skills development and on game situations.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy expenditure in ball games for wheelchair users

et al. 2008

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Purpose: Wheelchair sports have become popular in Germany. This is important because of the difficulty experienced by wheelchair-dependent people in maintaining cardiovascular health and fitness by daily activities. Increasing energy expenditure (EE; kcal h À1 ) is one of the most effective ways of decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the EE of individuals with spinal cord injury in ball games for wheelchair-dependent persons. Methods: Fourteen tennis players (WT), 10 basketball players (WB) and 12 rugby players (WR) completed a basal metabolism evaluation and a training test to measure respiratory parameters. Results: In the basal metabolism test EE in WT was 66.8±12.8 kcal h À1 , in WB 62.7±15.0 kcal h À1 and in WR 63.5 ± 12.9 kcal h À1 . During training EE in WT was 325.8 ± 73.0 kcal h À1 , in WB 374.8±127.1 kcal h À1 and in WR 248.5±69.4 kcal h À1 . The average EE of the whole group was: 316.4 ± 89.6 kcal h À1 with a corresponding heart rate of 118.5 ± 23.1 b.p.m. and a lactate concentration of 2.09±0.7 mmol l À1 . Statistical analysis showed significantly lower values of EE, heart rate and oxygen uptake for the WR group in comparison to the other groups. Conclusion:The results indicate that the additional leisure time EE of persons participating in WB and WT is sufficient to maintain fitness. This level of EE is comparable to the recommendations of the ACSM for able-bodied persons, and therefore might be sufficient to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy expenditure in ball games for wheelchair users

et al. 2008

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“…The Cosmed K4b2 measures the contribution of all movements including upper limb movements that may have a substantial contribution to the energy demands of the game play with Nintendo Wii (Graves et al, 2008). The Cosmed K4b2 has been validated over a wide range of exercise intensities (McLaughlin et al, 2001) and has been used previously to measure energy expenditure (Harrell et al, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Playing Nintendo Wii Sports and Brisk Treadmill Walking

Willems

Bond

2009

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…The children continuously respired into the facemask to measure their oxygen uptake (VO2) throughout each entire test session. The Cosmed K4b 2 provides a convenient way to measure the energy costs of outdoor activities such as running and gardening, and its validity and accuracy equal to those of the Douglas bag method, which is generally considered to be the most accurate indirect calorimetry technique (Doyon et al, 2001;Kawakami et al, 1992;McLaughlin et al, 2001). Each child also wore a heart rate monitor under the pectoral region, and the heart rate data were measured continuously throughout each entire test session by radiotelemetry (Polar T 31; FitMed, Kempele, Finland).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Metabolic Costs of Gardening and Common Physical Activities in Children

Park¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

HST

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This study investigated the exercise intensity and energy expenditure involved in two gardening activities (planting transplants and sowing seeds in a garden plot) and four common physical activities (running, skipping rope, walking, and throwing a ball) in children. Eighteen children aged 11 to 13 years (mean age, 12.3 ± 0.7 years) participated in this study. The children made two visits to a high tunnel in Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea and performed randomly selected activities. Each activity was performed for 10 min, with a 5-min rest period between activities. The children wore a Cosmed K4b 2 (Cosmed K4b 2 ; Cosmed, Rome, Italy), which is a portable calorimetric monitoring system, to measure indicators of metabolic cost such as oxygen uptake and energy expenditure. The children's heart rates during the activities were measured by radiotelemetry (Polar T 31; FitMed, Kempele, Finland). We found that the two gardening and four physical activities performed by the 11-13 years old children in this study were moderateto high-intensity physical activities [i.e., 5.4 ± 0.7 to 9.1 ± 1.4 metabolic equivalents (METs)]. Running (9.1 ± 1.4 METs) and skipping rope (8.8 ± 1.1 METs) were high-intensity physical activities, whereas walking (6.1 ± 0.9 METs), planting transplants (5.8 ± 1.1 METs), throwing a ball (5.6 ± 1.1 METs), and sowing seeds (5.4 ± 0.7 METs) were moderate-intensity physical activities. Running and skipping rope were significantly more intense than the other activities (P < 0.0001). The gardening tasks such as planting transplants and sowing seeds in a garden plot showed similar exercise intensities and energy costs as walking and throwing a ball. This study indicates that gardening can be used as a physical activity intervention to provide health benefits similar to more common physical activities such as walking and running.

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Validation of the COSMED K4 b2 Portable Metabolic System

Cited by 445 publications

References 8 publications

Energy expenditure in ball games for wheelchair users

Energy expenditure in ball games for wheelchair users

Comparison of Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Playing Nintendo Wii Sports and Brisk Treadmill Walking

Comparison of the Metabolic Costs of Gardening and Common Physical Activities in Children

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