Validation of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory Observational (CMAI-O) tool - ERRATUM

Abstract

The above article (Griffiths et al., 2019) published with an incorrect abstract.The correct abstract is as follows:Objectives:Behaviours associated with agitation are common in people living with dementia. The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) is a 29-item scale widely used to assess agitation completed by a proxy (family carer or staff member). However, proxy informants introduce possible reporting bias when blinding to the treatment arm is not possible, and potential accuracy issues due to irregular contact between the proxy and the person with dementia over the reporting period. An observational measure completed by a blinded researcher may address these issues, but no agitation measures with comparable items exist.Design:Development and validation of an observational version of the CMAI (CMAI-O), to assess its validity as an alternative or complementary measure of agitation.Setting:Fifty care homes in England.Participants:Residents (N = 726) with dementia.Measurements:Two observational measures (CMAI-O and PAS) were completed by an independent researcher. Measures of agitation, functional status, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were completed with staff proxies.Results:The CMAI-O showed adequate internal consistency (α = .61), criterion validity with the PAS (r = .79, p = < .001), incremental validity in predicting quality of life beyond the Functional Assessment Staging of Alzheimer’s disease (β = 1.83, p < .001 at baseline) and discriminant validity from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Apathy subscale (r = .004, p = .902).Conclusions:The CMAI-O is a promising research tool for independently measuring agitation in people with dementia in care homes. Its use alongside the CMAI could provide a more robust understanding of agitation amongst residents with dementia.

Developing a Korean Version of the Scale for the Observation of Agitation in Persons with Dementia of Alzheimer-Type

“…Agitation is defined as "inappropriate verbal, vocal or motor activity, which is not an expression of unmet need, and encompasses physical and verbal aggression" [4]. Agitation is not a diagnostic term, but a term used by clinicians to indicate an individual's response to a symptom or behaviors that reflect a person's reaction to the care or their environment [5]. Agitation, which produces feelings of anger and helplessness, can negatively affect not only such patients, but also the quality of life (QOL) of their families and caregivers [6].…”

“…The incidence of agitation behavior varies slightly from study to study, but agitation behav-iors are observed in 83 to 96% of all long term care facility residents and in 56 to 98% of home-based patients with dementia living in communities [7]. Patients who display the symptoms of agitation with dementia can cause their caregivers and others around them severe distress [5]. Since agitation in dementia has many different etiologies and because people with agitation in dementia are often unable to accurately recall or report their experiences, a full and careful assessment is essential [5].…”

“…Patients who display the symptoms of agitation with dementia can cause their caregivers and others around them severe distress [5]. Since agitation in dementia has many different etiologies and because people with agitation in dementia are often unable to accurately recall or report their experiences, a full and careful assessment is essential [5].…”