Validation of the Cancer Stigma Scale in Nepalese Women

Shrestha, Archana; Stangl, Anne; Paneru, Bandana; Poudel, Lisasha; Karmacharya, Aerona; Makaju, Soniya; Spiegelman, Donna; Shakya, Sunila; Shrestha, Aamod Dhoj; Sheth, Sangini S.

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.1.207

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…These results suggest that non-patient individuals are more inclined towards avoidance attitudes, attributing personal responsibility to cancer patients, and support financial discrimination policies. Compared to to a study among university students in Malaysia [ 15 ] and another study in Nepal [ 16 ], the avoidance section and policy opposition received lower mean scores, while the severity and personal responsibility sections scored higher. An online survey in the United States reported very low scores for personal responsibility [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Quantitative Evaluation of Cancer Stigma among Non-Patient Population in Oman

AL Naabi,

Al Zaabi

2024

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: Cancer is widely considered as one of the most stigmatized diseases globally, despite scientific advances in the medicine. While most existing literatures focuses on cancer stigma as perceived by patients, there has been limited research on stigma towards cancer among the non-cancer population. In 2014, Marlow et al developed and validated the “Cancer Stigma Scale” (CASS) specifically for the non-Cancer population. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate cancer stigma within the non-patient population in Oman. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Oman. The Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) has been used to evaluate the cancer-related stigma among the non-cancer patient population in Oman. Results: A total of 510 participants completed the survey of whom 57.6% were male. The personal responsibility section had the highest mean score, followed by the avoidance and financial discrimination. The lowest mean scores were observed in the danger and policy opposition sections. Female participants showed ore disagreement with cancer stigma statements compared to males. Participants who knew someone with cancer expressed more disagreement with stigma statements than those who did not know anyone with cancer. Conclusion: This study provides a baseline measurement of cancer-related stigma among non-cancer patients in Oman, tilizing the CASS in a representative sample of the population. The results indicate generally low levels of stigma, though certain aspects are more pronounced, varying according to the participants’ gender, age, and personal connections to someone with cancer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Quantitative Evaluation of Cancer Stigma among Non-Patient Population in Oman

AL Naabi,

Al Zaabi

2024

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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“…Cancer Stigma: We used Nepal's validated Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS). 31 The CASS demonstrated satisfactory internal reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 for the overall scale and ranging from 0.70 to 0.89 for its six components. 31 The CASS consists of 25 items that assess six domains: (a) awkwardness, which measures how comfortable people feel around for use under a CC0 license.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We used Nepal’s validated Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS). 31 The CASS demonstrated satisfactory internal reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88 for the overall scale and ranging from 0.70 to 0.89 for its six components. 31 The CASS consists of 25 items that assess six domains: (a) awkwardness, which measures how comfortable people feel around someone with cancer; (b) severity, which evaluates the expected severity of cancer consequences and the likelihood of recovery; (c) avoidance, which assesses the extent to which people avoid cancer patients and maintain physical distance from them; (d) personal responsibility, which determines how much a person’s actions contribute to their cancer; (e) policy opposition, which gauges the perceived responsibility of the government and the public in the care and treatment of cancer patients; and (f) financial discrimination, which measures the anticipated deprivation of benefits to cancer patients from banking and insurance services…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, we used CASS, a standardized tool validated in Nepal, to collect our data to estimate the factors associated with cancer stigma. 31 We utilized multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, education, ethnicity, occupation, parity, and religion, which helps to eliminate alternative explanations of our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 14, 2024. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.11.24304143 doi: medRxiv preprint the factors associated with cancer stigma. 31 We utilized multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, education, ethnicity, occupation, parity, and religion, which helps to eliminate alternative explanations of our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Cancer Stigma among Apparently Healthy Women in Semi-urban Nepal

Paneru,

Karmacharya,

Makaju

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Cancer is the primary cause of death globally, and despite the significant advancements in treatment and survival rates, it is still stigmatized in many parts of the world. However, there is limited public health research on cancer stigma among general population (non-patient) women in Nepal. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of cancer stigma and its associated factors in this group.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 426 healthy women aged 30 – 60 years who were residents of Dhulikhel and Banepa in central Nepal. We measured cancer stigma using the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS). CASS measures cancer stigma in six subdomains (awkwardness, avoidance, severity, personal responsibility, policy opposition, financial discrimination) on a 6-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to agree strongly) with higher mean stigma scores correlating with higher levels of stigma. We used univariable and multivariable linear regression to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with the CASS score.ResultsOverall, the level of cancer stigma was low (mean total stigma score: 2.6 ± 0.6) but still present among participants. Stigma related to personal responsibility had the highest levels (mean stigma score: 3.9 ± 1.3), followed by severity (mean stigma score: 3.2 ± 1.3) and financial discrimination (mean stigma score: 2.9 ± 1.6). There was a significant association of mean CASS score with older age (the mean difference is stigma score: 0.01 points; 95% CI: 0.01-0.02) and lower education (difference -0.02 points; 95% CI: -0.03, -0.003) after adjusting for age, ethnicity, education, marital status, religion, occupation, and parity.ConclusionWhile overall cancer stigma was low in Nepal, some subdomains were increased in the general population of women in Nepal. Because stigma may impact engagement in cancer screening efforts, programs should aim to counteract stigma, particularly among older and less educated women.

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In Healthy Women: Cancer Related Body Image, Levels of Cancer Stigma and Related Factors

SUSUZ,

ÖZVARIŞ

2023

ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi

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Kanser taraması yaptırmak için Kanser Erken Teşhis ve Tedavi Merkezi'ne başvuran, kanser tanısı almamış kadınların kanser damga düzeyini, kansere ilişkin beden algılarını ve bunlarla ilişkili faktörleri saptamak amaçlanmıştır. 2 Aralık 2019 - 26 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında kanser taraması yaptırmak için başvuran kadınlara kanser taraması yapıldıktan sonra araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerini, Kanser Damga Ölçeğini, kansere ilişkin beden algısını ve kanser risk faktörleri hakkında bilgiyi değerlendiren soruları içeren veri toplama formu uygulanmıştır. Analizler 500 kadın katılımcının verileri üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların %38,6’sı 50-59 yaş aralığında olup %88,6’sı daha önce kanser taraması yaptırmış, %31,1’i tarama yaptırmayı ertelemiş, erteleyenlerin %41,6’sı kanser tanısı almaktan korkma veya kaygılanma sebebiyle kanser taraması yaptırmayı ertelemiştir. Üniversite veya üstü eğitim alan, daha önce kanser taraması yaptıran, ailesinde sağlık çalışanı olan katılımcıların kanser damga puanı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ortaokul ve üzerinde eğitim almış, arkadaşlarında, iş arkadaşlarında ve komşularında kanser olan katılımcıların kanser bilgi puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kanser damga puanı yüksek veya kanser bilgi puanı düşük olan katılımcıların kansere ilişkin beden algısının olumsuz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin artırılması ve kanser hakkındaki her türlü bilgi paylaşımının kanser damgası perspektifiyle yapılmasının yararlı olabileceği düşünülmüştür.

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Validation of the Cancer Stigma Scale in Nepalese Women

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of Cancer Stigma among Non-Patient Population in Oman

Quantitative Evaluation of Cancer Stigma among Non-Patient Population in Oman

Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Cancer Stigma among Apparently Healthy Women in Semi-urban Nepal

In Healthy Women: Cancer Related Body Image, Levels of Cancer Stigma and Related Factors

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