Validation of the bladder control self‐assessment questionnaire (B‐SAQ) in men

Abstract

Objective• To validate the Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (B-SAQ), a short screener to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and overactive bladder (OAB) in men. Patients and Methods• This was a prospective, single-centre study including 211 patients in a urology outpatient setting.• All patients completed the B-SAQ and Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) before consultation, and the consulting urologist made an independent assessment of LUTS and the need for treatment.• The psychometric properties of the B-SAQ were analysed. Results• A total of 98% of respondents completed all items correctly in <5 min.• The mean B-SAQ scores were 12 and 3.3, respectively for cases (n = 101) and controls (n = 108) (P < 0.001).• Good correlation was evident between the B-SAQ and the KHQ.• The agreement percentages between the individual B-SAQ items and the KHQ symptom severity scale were 86, 85, 84 and 79% for frequency, urgency, nocturia and urinary incontinence, respectively.• Using a B-SAQ symptom score threshold of ≥4 alone had sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for detecting LUTS of 75, 86 and 84%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.88; however, in combination with a bother score threshold of ≥1 these values changed to 92, 46 and 86%, respectively. Conclusions• The B-SAQ is an easy and quick valid case-finding tool for LUTS/OAB in men, but appears to be less specific in men than in women.• The B-SAQ has the potential to raise awareness of LUTS.• Further validation in a community setting is required.

Peer Review #1 of "Transcultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaire “Urgency, Weak stream, Incomplete emptying and Nocturia (UWIN)” for the Brazilian Portuguese (v0.2)"

“…Simplified questionnaires have been recommended in the clinical practice of primary care health professionals as screening instruments, particularly for patients with known risk factors, to aid in the stratification of a problem and the subsequent investigation into the potential worsening of detrimental health issues such as alcohol consumption and depression (Zheng et al, n.d.;Le and Dubertret 2013;Smith et al 2009). The adoption of simplified instruments to detect LUTS in primary care settings has also been reported (Martin et al 2011;Sahai et al 2014;Kajimotu and Bowa 2018).…”

The effectiveness of pelvic fl oor exercises on symptoms in females with stress urinary incontinence

“…Also both groups were asked to follow up on 4 th and 8 th weeks. B-SAQ validation, the Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (B-SAQ) and 1 Hr pad test was employed as outcome measure, following the method of Sahai et al (2014). The B-SAQ contained 8-questions that assessed the symptoms such as number of times a patient is required to void, diffi culty in holding urine, nocturia and urine leaks, for which there were associated scores.…”

Healthcare resource utilization and cost among males with lower urinary tract symptoms with a predominant storage component in Spain: The epidemiological, cross‐sectional MERCURY study

“…The severity of storage‐predominant LUTS was measured using the Bladder Self‐Assessment Questionnaire (BSAQ) symptom score (an 8‐item questionnaire that addresses symptom severity [4 items] and degree of bother [4 items]; with a 4‐point scale from 0, “nothing” to 3, “a lot”; total score range, 0‐12) . The Spanish translation of the BSAQ (ie, Cuestionario de Autoevaluación del Control de la Vejiga ) was used in this study.…”

“…The severity of storage-predominant LUTS was measured using the Bladder Self-Assessment Questionnaire (BSAQ) symptom score (an 8-item questionnaire that addresses symptom severity [4 items] and degree of bother [4 items]; with a 4-point scale from 0, "nothing" to 3, "a lot"; total score range, 0-12). 10 The Spanish translation of the BSAQ (ie, Cuestionario de Autoevaluación del Control de la Vejiga) was used in this study. Patients were stratified by BSAQ symptom scores of <6 or ≥6; this cut-off point was previously demonstrated to provide adequate sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of detrusor overactivity in a Spanish study population.…”