Validation of the bag‐mediated filtration system for environmental surveillance of poliovirus in Nairobi, Kenya

Fagnant-Sperati, Christine S.; Ren, You (Shirley); Zhou, Nicolette A.; Komen, Evans; Mwangi, Benlick; Hassan, Joanne; Chepkurui, A; Nzunza, Rosemary; Nyangao, James; Zyl, Walda B. van; Wolfaardt, Marianne; Matsapola, Peter N.; Ngwana, Fhatuwani B.; Jeffries-Miles, Stacey; Coulliette-Salmond, Angela; Peñaranda, Silvia; Vega, Everardo; Shirai, Jeffry H.; Kossik, Alexandra L.; Beck, Nicola K.; Boyle, D S; Burns, Cara C.; Taylor, Maureen B.; Borus, Peter; Meschke, John Scott

doi:10.1111/jam.14807

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main differences between the two methods were the input for DNA extraction (half of the resuspended pellet versus the full sample pellet) and the resulting difference in effective volume assayed (Table 1, Supplemental Information). 20,21,41 Differential centrifugation. Three versions of differential centrifugation methods were used: DC-D-50 mL, DC-SF-50 mL, and DC-D-1 L. All methods involved centrifugation for 1 minute at 1,000 3g, 4 C), followed by transfer of the supernatant centrifuging again (15 minutes, 4,000 3g, 4 C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques generally avoid collecting large sediments by sampling the wastewater or wastewater-impacted water surface or by prefiltering the water through a coarse filter. The volumes typically processed in grab sample methods vary from 50 mL to 20 L, [18][19][20][21][22] and samples are collected from outlet pipes, open sewer channels, surface waters, or other sewage streams. Grab samples are either concentrated in-field via gravity filtration or are transported to a laboratory with a proper cold chain for subsequent concentration, elution, and/or enrichment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Sampling and Concentration Methods for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Detection from Wastewater

Zhou¹,

Ong²,

Fagnant-Sperati³

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Salmonella enterica serovar (Salmonella Typhi) is the causative bacterial agent of typhoid fever. Environmental surveillance of wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters has proven effective in monitoring various pathogens and has recently been applied to Salmonella Typhi. This study evaluated eight sample collection and concentration methods with 12 variations currently being developed and used for Salmonella Typhi surveillance globally to better understand the performance of each method based on its ability to detect Salmonella Typhi and its feasibility. Salmonella Typhi strains Ty21a and Ty2 were seeded to influent wastewater at known concentrations to evaluate the following methods: grab sampling using electropositive filters, centrifugation, direct enrichment, or membrane filtration and trap sampling using Moore swabs. Concentrated samples underwent nucleic acid extraction and were detected and/or quantified via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results suggest that all methods tested can be successful at concentrating Salmonella Typhi for subsequent detection by qPCR, although each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, including the Salmonella Typhi concentration it is best suited for, with a range of positive detections observed as low as 0.1–0.001 colony-forming units (CFU) Ty21a/mL and 0.01 CFU Ty2/mL. These factors should be considered when identifying a method for environmental surveillance and will greatly depend on the use case planned.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sampling and Concentration Methods for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Detection from Wastewater

Zhou¹,

Ong²,

Fagnant-Sperati³

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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show abstract

“…Two variations of the two-inch filter cartridge method were tested, mentioned hereafter as FC1-D and FC2-D. The main difference between the two methods was the input for DNA extraction (half of the resuspended pellet vs. the full sample pellet) and the resulting difference in effective volume assayed (Table 1, Supplementary Information) [20,21,41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques generally avoid collecting large sediments by sampling the wastewater or wastewater-impacted water surface, or pre-filtering the water through a coarse filter. The volumes typically processed in grab sample methods vary from 50 milliliters to 20 liters [18][19][20][21][22], and samples are collected from outlet pipes, open sewer channels, surface waters, or other sewage stream. Grab samples are either concentrated in-field via gravity filtration, or are transported to a laboratory with proper cold chain for subsequent concentration, elution, and/or enrichment [10,18,[23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample concentration enables a larger volume of wastewater or wastewater-impacted water to be assayed, which is important when low concentrations are anticipated such as is typically the case in environmental samples. Methods for sample concentration also varysome filter samples through an electropositive ViroCap filter, 0.45-μm membrane filters, or ultrafilters; other methods include centrifugation [12,[18][19][20][21][22]26,29]. Trap sample methods for Salmonella Typhi have historically utilized a Moore swab method [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of sampling and concentration methods for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi detection from wastewater

Zhou

Ong

Fagnant-Sperati

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Salmonella enterica serovar (Salmonella Typhi) is the causative bacterial agent of Typhoid fever. Environmental surveillance of wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters has proven effective in monitoring various pathogens, and has recently been applied to Salmonella Typhi. This study evaluated eight sample collection and concentration methods with twelve variations currently being developed and used for Salmonella Typhi surveillance globally to better understand the performance of each method based on their ability to detect Salmonella Typhi and feasibility. Salmonella Typhi strains, Ty21a and Ty2, were seeded to influent wastewater at known concentrations to evaluate the following methods: grab sampling using electropositive filters, centrifugation, direct enrichment, or membrane filtration and trap sampling using Moore swabs. Concentrated samples underwent nucleic acid extraction and were detected and/or quantified via qPCR. Results suggest that all methods tested can be successful at concentrating Salmonella Typhi for subsequent detection by qPCR, although each method has its own strengths and weaknesses including the Salmonella Typhi concentrations they are best suited for with a range of positive detections observed as low as 0.1-0.001 CFU Ty21a/mL and 0.01 CFU Ty2/mL. These factors should be considered when identifying a method for environmental surveillance and will greatly depend on the use case planned.

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CaFÉ: A Sensitive, Low-Cost Filtration Method for Detecting Polioviruses and Other Enteroviruses in Residual Waters

Belgasmi

Miles

Sayyad

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance has been used to identify polio cases and target vaccination campaigns since the inception of the Global Poliovirus Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988. To date, only Afghanistan and Pakistan have failed to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission. Circulation of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV) continues to be a problem in high-risk areas of the Eastern Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian regions. Environmental surveillance (ES) is an important adjunct to AFP surveillance, helping to identify circulating polioviruses in problematic areas. Stools from AFP cases and contacts (>200,000 specimens/year) and ES samples (>642 sites) are referred to 146 laboratories in the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN) for testing. Although most World Health Organization supported laboratories use the two-phase separation method due to its simplicity and effectiveness, alternative simple, widely available, and cost-effective methods are needed. The CAFÉ (Concentration and Filtration Elution) method was developed from existing filtration methods to handle any type of sewage or residual waters. At $10–20 US per sample for consumable materials, CAFÉ is cost effective, and all equipment and reagents are readily available from markets and suppliers globally. The report describes the results from a parallel study of CAFÉ method with the standard two-phase separation method. The study was performed with samples collected from five countries (Guatemala, Haïti, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines), run in three laboratories–(United States, Thailand and in the Philippines) to account for regional and sample-to-sample variability. Samples from each site were divided into two 500 ml aliquots and processed by both methods, with no other additional concentration or manipulation. The results of 338 parallel-tested samples show that the CAFÉ method is more sensitive than the two-phase separation method for detection of non-polio enteroviruses (p-value < 0.0001) and performed as well as the two-phase separation method for polioviruses detection with no significant difference (p-value > 0.05). The CAFÉ method is a robust, sensitive, and cost-effective method for isolating enteroviruses from residual waters.

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Validation of the bag‐mediated filtration system for environmental surveillance of poliovirus in Nairobi, Kenya

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluation of Sampling and Concentration Methods for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Detection from Wastewater

Evaluation of Sampling and Concentration Methods for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Detection from Wastewater

Evaluation of sampling and concentration methods for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi detection from wastewater

CaFÉ: A Sensitive, Low-Cost Filtration Method for Detecting Polioviruses and Other Enteroviruses in Residual Waters

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