Validation of the ANAM Test Battery in Parkinson's Disease

Reich, Stephen G.; Short, Paul; Kane, Robert L; Weiner, William J.; Shulman, Lisa M.; Anderson, Karen

doi:10.21236/ada452204

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…A higher throughput score indicates a faster, more accurate performance. Finally, a weighted throughput (WT-TH) was computed (previously referred to as the Index of Cognitive Efficiency), which is a weighted summary of the throughput scores from each of the subtests (Reich et al, 2005). The weighting was done so that the throughput score from each subtest contributed equally to the overall score.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between interhemispheric functional connectivity and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) in civilian mild TBI

Sours

Rosenberg

Kane

et al. 2014

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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This study investigates cognitive deficits and alterations in resting state functional connectivity in civilian mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) participants with high and low symptoms. Forty-one mTBI participants completed a resting state fMRI scan and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) during initial testing (<10 days of injury) and a one month follow up. Data were compared to 30 healthy control subjects. Results from the ANAM demonstrate that mTBI participants performed significantly worse than controls on the code substitution delayed subtest (p=0.032) and weighted throughput score (p=0.001). Among the mTBI patients, high symptom mTBI participants performed worse than those with low symptoms on the code substitution delayed (p=0.017), code substitution (p=0.012), repeated simple reaction time (p=0.031), and weighted throughput score (p=0.009). Imaging results reveal that during the initial visit, low symptom mTBI participants had reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity (IH-FC) within the lateral parietal lobe (p=0.020); however, during follow up, high symptom mTBI participants showed reduced IH-FC compared to the control group within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (p=0.013). Reduced IH-FC within the DLPFC during the follow-up was associated with reduced cognitive performance. Together, these findings suggest that reduced rs-FC may contribute to the subtle cognitive deficits noted in high symptom mTBI participants compared to control subjects and low symptom mTBI participants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between interhemispheric functional connectivity and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) in civilian mild TBI

Sours

Rosenberg

Kane

et al. 2014

Brain Imaging and Behavior

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Specifically, the throughput score is the number of correct responses per total amount of time a participant took to respond for each trial, expressed as the number of correct responses per minute [ 55 ]. We opted to examine a weighted throughput score (WT-TH), which has previously been referred to as an Index of Cognitive Efficiency [ 56 ]. The WT-TH was determined as an overall measure of performance on the ANAM and is given as WT-TH = (CS*4.35+CSD*5+MTS*6.63+MATH*8.37+PRT*2.18+SRT+SRT2)/7.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptions in Resting State Functional Connectivity and Cerebral Blood Flow in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

et al. 2015

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is often occult to conventional imaging techniques. However, there is growing evidence that mTBI patients who lack evidence of structural intracranial injury may develop post-concussive syndrome (PCS). We investigated longitudinal alterations in resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in brain networks in a population of 28 patients compared to 28 matched control participants. Rs-FC and cerebral blood flow (CBF) within the nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Task Positive Network (TPN) were assessed at three time points including acute, sub-acute, and chronic stages following mTBI. Participants received the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) to assess cognitive performance. Main findings indicate that despite normalized cognitive performance, chronic mTBI patients demonstrate increased rs-FC between the DMN and regions associated with the salience network (SN) and TPN compared to the control populations, as well as reduced strength of rs-FC within the DMN at the acute stage of injury. In addition, chronic mTBI patients demonstrate an imbalance in the ratio of CBF between nodes of the DMN and TPN. Furthermore, preliminary exploratory analysis suggests that compared to those without chronic PCS, patients with chronic PCS reveal an imbalance in the ratio of CBF between the DMN nodes and TPN nodes across multiple stages of recovery. Findings suggest that the altered network perfusion with the associated changes in rs-FC may be a possible predictor of which mTBI patients will develop chronic PCS.

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“…For each subtest, a throughput score was calculated which is a combined measure of accuracy and reaction time. Finally, a weighted throughput (WT-TH) (also known as the Index of Cognitive Efficiency) was computed, which is a weighted summary of the throughput scores from each of the seven subtests so that each subtest contributes equally to the WT-TH (Reich et al, 2005). Please see (Sours et al, 2014) for a complete description of the WT-TH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-connectivity of the thalamus during early stages following mild traumatic brain injury

Sours

George

Zhuo

et al. 2015

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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The thalamo-cortical resting state functional connectivity of 7 sub-thalamic regions were examined in a prospectively recruited population of 77 acute mild TBI (mTBI) patients within the first 10 days (mean 6±3 days) of injury and 35 neurologically intact control subjects using the Oxford thalamic connectivity atlas. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). A subset of participants received a magentic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) exam to determine metabolite concentrations in the thalamus and posterior cingulate cortex. Results show that patients performed worse than the control group on various subtests of ANAM and the weighted throughput score, suggesting reduced cognitive performance at this early stage of injury. Both voxel and region of interest based analysis of the resting state fMRI data demonstrated that acute mTBI patients have increased functional connectivity between the various sub-thalamic regions and cortical regions associated with sensory processing and the default mode network (DMN). In addition, a significant reduction in NAA/Cr was observed in the thalamus in the mTBI patients. Furthermore, an increase in Cho/Cr ratio specific to mTBI patients with self-reported sensory symptoms was observed compared to those without self-reported sensory symptoms. These results provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms of the brain state related to internal rumination and arousal, which have implications for new interventions for mTBI patients with persistent symptoms. Furthermore, an understanding of heightened sensitivity to sensory related inputs during early stages of injury may facilitate enhanced prediction of safe return to work.

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Validation of the ANAM Test Battery in Parkinson's Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Associations between interhemispheric functional connectivity and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) in civilian mild TBI

Associations between interhemispheric functional connectivity and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) in civilian mild TBI

Disruptions in Resting State Functional Connectivity and Cerebral Blood Flow in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Hyper-connectivity of the thalamus during early stages following mild traumatic brain injury

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