Validation of Serious Games

Kooij, Katinka van der; Hoogendoorn, Evert; Spijkerman, Renske; Visch, Valentijn

doi:10.17083/ijsg.v2i3.75

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To gain a better understanding of how and when gamification benefits real-world behavior, time sensitive measurements of outcome variables such as motivation need to be developed (van der Kooij et al, 2015). Using the novel QMI our study suggests that a benefit of gamification is that it enhances the durability of enjoyment and thereby intrinsic motivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamification as a Sustainable Source of Enjoyment During Balance and Gait Exercises

et al. 2019

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We may be motivated to engage in a certain motor activity because it is instrumental to obtaining reward (e.g., money) or because we enjoy the activity, making it intrinsically rewarding. Enjoyment is related to intrinsic motivation which is considered to be a durable form of motivation. Therefore, many rehabilitation programs aim to increase task enjoyment by adding game elements (“gamification”). Here we ask how the influence of game elements on motivation develops over time and additionally explore whether enjoyment influences motor performance. We describe two different studies that varied game elements in different exercises. Experiment 1 compared the durability of enjoyment for a gamified and a conventional balance exercise in elderly. Experiment 2 addressed the question whether adding game elements to a gait adaptability exercise enhances the durability of enjoyment and additionally tested whether the game elements influenced movement vigor and accuracy (motor performance). The results show that the game elements enhanced enjoyment. Enjoyment faded over time, but this decrease tended to be less pronounced in gamified exercises. There was no evidence that the game elements affected movement vigor or accuracy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamification as a Sustainable Source of Enjoyment During Balance and Gait Exercises

et al. 2019

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“…With regard to the validity, much knowledge is still lacking about the proper methods to test and compare real world effects. Recently, a number of studies are emerging to review the effect of such games (such as [19]), as well as proposals calling for more fitting validation methods [20]. Concerning the mechanisms, much is still unknown about how the various game elements work to influence user experience during and after gameplay.…”

Section: Key Issues In Serious and Persuasive Games Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RCTs typically involve systematically comparing the before and after effects of a population group which has gone through the persuasive game "intervention" in comparison to a baseline or placebo treatment approach. However, this method is often costly in time and effort (See [20] for a discussion). Alternatively, experimental studies could be carried out.…”

Section: Dish 4: Evaluation Of Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cookbook method for Persuasive Game Design

Siriaraya

Visch

Vermeeren

et al. 2018

IJSG

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Despite the growing interest in persuasive game design, there have been few methods which cover the complete process of game design that designers could draw upon in their practice. In this paper, the Persuasive Game Design method(PGD) is presented as a non-directive approach for designing persuasive games including a practical hand-out. To better fit with the practical constraints encountered in game design, this method adopts a “cookbook” approach. A set of essential PGD components and tools are provided from which game designers can choose from, given their specific context and resources. Designers first consider the game design steps(“dishes”) to use in creating their game and in each step, select which components(“ingredients”) to take into account and tools(“utensils”) to use. The proposed method, based on our experience as persuasive game researchers and design practitioners, is further refined using feedback from professional game designers. The paper concludes with a case study illustrating how to put the meal into practice. Overall, the method provides a useful contribution to the existing research domain by combining knowledge from game theory, game design and design methodology to create a structured yet flexible approach which covers the complete persuasive game design process for researchers, students and practitioners.

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“…Ideally, both groups are equal except for the independent variable (e.g., when comparing a product with a tailored product, and the only difference is the tailoring). This would make it possible to draw conclusions on the effect of the independent variable [95]. Because validation research in the context of games for health is limited, we not only took into account the control groups that received a non-personalized game, but also treatment as usual (e.g., no game-intervention), or control groups that consisted of other user-groups (e.g., healthy end-users [38,42]).…”

Section: Overview Healthcare and Product Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this literature study, we have defined personalization and how it can be applied within the games for health design process. We recommend that future studies not only focus on involving stakeholders in the Product Design-and Tailoring Phase of a PDP, but also to methodologically test whether this stakeholder involvement in the PDP results in better outcomes on experience, behavior and health related transfer effect, by the use of suitable control groups [95].…”

Section: Future Work and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalization in Game Design for Healthcare: a Literature Review on its Definitions and Effects

Dooren

Visch

Spijkerman

et al. 2016

IJSG

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Personalization, the involvement of stakeholders in the design process, is often applied in serious game design for health. It is expected to enhance the alignment of a game to the preferences and capacities of the end-user, thereby increasing the end-user’s motivation to interact with the game, which finally might enhance the aimed-for health effects of the game. However, the nature and effect of personalization have never been systematically studied, making assumptions regarding personalization ungrounded. In this literature review, we firstly provide a proposal of our Personalized Design Process-model, where personalization is defined as stakeholder involvement in the Problem Definition-, Product Design- and/or Tailoring Phase. Secondly, we conducted a systematic literature review on this model, focusing on health and its effects. In this review, 62 of the 2579 found studies were included. Analysis showed that a minority of the studies were of methodologically higher quality and some of these tested the health effect by contrasting tailored versus non-tailored games. Most studies involved stakeholders in the Tailoring Design Phase. Therefore, we conclude that involving stakeholders in the Tailoring Phase is valuable. However, to know if personalization is effective in the Product Design- and the Problem Definition Phase, more studies are needed.

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Validation of Serious Games

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Gamification as a Sustainable Source of Enjoyment During Balance and Gait Exercises

Gamification as a Sustainable Source of Enjoyment During Balance and Gait Exercises

A cookbook method for Persuasive Game Design

Personalization in Game Design for Healthcare: a Literature Review on its Definitions and Effects

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