Validation of SEPI in German—A German Translation of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index

Karlsson, Elias; Hübner, Inga-Marie; Haluza, Daniela; Falk, Magnus

doi:10.3390/ijerph17176172

Cited by 7 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Limitations of this study were the moderate sample size, a high proportion of nonresponders (31.6%), and a substantial number of lost-to-follow-up (24 participants, 14.0%). However, these numbers were also seen in the previous validation studies of the SEPI and were anticipated on in this study's sample size calculation [13,17]. One of the studies suggested using a more active recruitment strategy, which was done in the present study, but this did not lead to a higher response rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The present study was carried out in a broad patient population that closely resembles the target population of the SEPI, which is one of the strengths of this study. Since the previous studies validating the SEPI included only students or students and primary health care patients, this study also gives new insights into the validity of the SEPI among primary health care patients and dermatologic patients [13, 17]. Moreover, the population in this study consists of a broad age range and diversity regarding educational level and work situation, which improves the generalizability of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The SEPI is a promising multilingual tool to measure both sun exposure habits and propensity to diminish sun exposure [13,17]. In this study, the SEPI was translated to Dutch and tested on validity and reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translation and Validation of the Dutch Version of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index

Knipping,

ter Haar,

Alkemade

et al. 2023

Dermatology

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Introduction: Skin cancer is currently the most common cancer type worldwide, and numbers are rapidly increasing. To improve primary prevention, individualised prevention strategies may be of interest as this enhances the chance of long-term behavioural change. The Sun Exposure and Protection Index (SEPI), previously validated in multiple languages, is a tool that could help identify individuals with risky behaviour and tailor interventions to the person’s propensity to change. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a Dutch version of the SEPI for both usage in daily clinical practice and research. Methods: Patients were included at primary care settings and dermatology outpatient settings in a 1:1 ratio. Participants were asked to fill out the SEPI together with some baseline characteristics and the previously validated FACE-Q Skin Cancer – Sun Protection module. Construct validity was tested by comparing SEPI part I and the FACE-Q module using Spearman’s Rho. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s Alpha for both SEPI parts separately. To assess test-retest reliability, the SEPI was again filled out 3 weeks later, and scores were compared with Cohen’s weighted Kappa. Results: Of the 171 participants completing the first questionnaire, 147 (86.0%) participants also completed the follow-up questionnaire. Comparison between the corresponding SEPI part I and FACE-Q module questions showed good correlations regarding sun exposure habits (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.61 to 0.85). Internal consistency of SEPI part I was 0.63 and SEPI part II was 0.65. The test-retest analysis indicated reproducibility over time (weighted Kappa ranging from 0.38 to 0.76). Conclusion: In conclusion, the Dutch version of the SEPI is shown to be a valid and reliable tool for both usages in daily clinical practice and research to evaluate individual ultraviolet exposure and measure a person’s propensity to limit it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Translation and Validation of the Dutch Version of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index

Knipping,

ter Haar,

Alkemade

et al. 2023

Dermatology

Self Cite

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“…To the best of our knowledge, however, we are not aware of any questionnaire or single item that standardizes tanning behavior and records it in an equally brief manner. Since the reliability of measuring solar UVR exposure in our study has to be critically discussed, future studies should use validated questionnaires for measurement, such as the recently published validated “ Sun Exposure and Protection Index ” [ 31 ]. The major strength of our study is the comprehensive literature search and the content analysis of questionnaires used in already published studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To provide reliable data on exposure as well as behavior and knowledge, validated questionnaires are needed. While the “ Sun Exposure and Protection Index ” (SEPI) [ 31 ], which is a validated questionnaire for the assessment of solar UVR exposure and sun protection behavior has recently become available in German, a questionnaire for assessing the level of knowledge is still missing. As Day et al [ 32 – 34 ] emphasize, differences in the measurement of knowledge should be avoided to facilitate the comparison of findings between studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-Induced Skin Cancer Knowledge, Sun Exposure, and Tanning Behavior among University Students: Investigation of an Opportunity Sample of German University Students

Rocholl

Hannappel

Ludewig

et al. 2021

Journal of Skin Cancer

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most important risk factor for developing skin cancer. University students can be considered as a particularly high-risk group for long- and short-term adverse effects of UVR due to intensive solar UVR exposure and high rates of sunburn. While validated questionnaires for assessing solar UVR exposure and sun protection behavior are available in German, a questionnaire for assessing the level of knowledge about this topic is still missing. We conducted a literature search for cross-sectional studies assessing skin cancer and sun protection knowledge among university students in Medline (via PubMed) and analyzed existing questionnaires and topics contained therein. We chose to translate the “Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale” referring to the TRAPD method into the German language and pilot-tested the translation with an opportunity sample of German students. The literature search revealed 36 eligible studies. Four major topics were identified within the studies: knowledge on skin cancer, risk factors, UVR, and sun protection measures. One hundred and seven German university students (86.0% female) with a mean age of 26.25 years (SD ± 4.58; range: 19–46) participated in our pilot study. The internal reliability of the scale was KR-20 = 0.624. We discovered an improvable level of knowledge in terms of skin cancer among the study population. Statistical analyses revealed no significant associations between the level of knowledge and UVR exposure or tanning behavior, respectively. The skin cancer and sun protection knowledge of German university students should be examined thoroughly. While the psychometric properties of the SCSK require further thorough investigation, first empirical experiences indicate the suitability of the tool to assess the level of knowledge regarding skin cancer and sun protection.

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The impact of a novel digital sun protection campaign on sun‐related attitudes and behaviours of healthcare workers: A prospective observational study

Porter

Rafferty

Dolan

et al. 2023

Skin Health and Disease

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Background13 000 cases of skin cancer are diagnosed annually in Ireland, with ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure the strongest risk factor. Public health primary prevention campaigns focus on encouraging safe sun protective measures and skin cancer awareness. We designed a novel, digitally‐animated hospital‐based campaign targeting all aspects of sun‐protective behaviour.ObjectivesTo explore the sun‐protective attitudes and behaviours of healthcare workers, and the effect of a digital hospital‐based campaign on these findings.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional prospective observational study involving hospital staff across the six hospitals that form the University of Limerick Hospital Group (ULHG). A two‐phase online survey, the first taking place before campaign launch, and the second upon campaign completion. The digital campaign was displayed across all hospital sites from June to September 2021. Surveys comprised questions on sun‐related attitudes and behaviours, including the internationally validated Sun Exposure Protection Index (SEPI) questionnaire.ResultsEight hundred fifty‐seven staff members completed survey 1 and 704 completed survey 2; 90% in each were female; 79% were aged 25–54; 71% reported skin types I–III. Best sun‐protective habits pre‐campaign included sunscreen use and avoiding sunburn, while wearing hats, protective clothing and seeking shade were least adopted. For 177 matched participants, there were small improvements in SEPI scores. SEPI Part 1 scores, reflecting improved risk behaviour, pre‐campaign had a median of 11 (IQR 7), and 11 (IQR 6) post campaign. SEPI Part 2 scores, reflecting readiness to adopt sun‐protective behaviours, improved from median 7 (IQR 8) to 6 (IQR 6). Post‐campaign, small improvements were seen across some individual sun‐protective behaviours and attitudes, particularly reducing time spent in the midday sun and on sun‐seeking holidays, and improved readiness to seek shade and reduce sunbathing; 79% of all respondents post‐campaign (n = 556) reported raised skin cancer awareness, and 65% (n = 458) said it influenced them to discuss sun protection with others.ConclusionsPositive improvements in attitudes and behaviours related to sun protection were seen following the digital campaign in this population of healthcare workers. These improvements along with increased willingness to discuss sun protection with others, including patients, has the potential to further benefit wider society, and supports future digital health promotion initiatives.

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Validation of SEPI in German—A German Translation of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Translation and Validation of the Dutch Version of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index

Translation and Validation of the Dutch Version of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index

UV-Induced Skin Cancer Knowledge, Sun Exposure, and Tanning Behavior among University Students: Investigation of an Opportunity Sample of German University Students

The impact of a novel digital sun protection campaign on sun‐related attitudes and behaviours of healthcare workers: A prospective observational study

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