Validation of self‐reported measures of periodontitis in a Spanish Population

Abstract

Background and Objective: Use of self-reported questionnaires in Dentistry may be useful to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis in epidemiological studies. This study aims to assess the accuracy of self-reporting for predicting the prevalence of periodontitis in a Spanish population participating in a diabetes incidence study. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 231 patients participating in the Di@bet.es study. Eight questions about periodontal health were included in a health patient-reported questionnaire. The outcomes from self-reporting were validated against a full-mouth periodontal examination. Multivariable logistic regression predictive modeling was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROCC). Results: Self-reported gum health, loose teeth, tooth appearance, and use of dental floss were associated with different definitions of severe periodontitis. Correlations between responses to the questions were weak. The question "Do you think you might have gum disease?" combined with demographic and well-established risk factors resulted in an AUC value of 0.75, sensitivity of 75.2%, and specificity of 60.6% for severeperiodontitis. The answer to 4 questions combined with age, educational level, smoking status, and tooth loss was 76.4% sensitive and 63.5% specific, with an AUC of 0.75 in predicting prevalence of ≥25% of teeth with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm. Conclusion:Predictive models, combining self-reporting on oral health status with demographic and risk factors, were useful for estimating the prevalence of severe periodontitis in the Spanish population. K E Y W O R D S di@bet.es study, epidemiology, oral health surveys, periodontitis | 401 MONTERO ET al. S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Montero E, La Rosa M, Montanya E, et al. Validation of self-reported measures of periodontitis in a Spanish Population. J Periodont Res. 2020;55:400-409.

Alcoholic beverage consumption, smoking habits, and periodontitis: A cross‐sectional investigation of the NutriNet‐Santé study

“…Concerning the outcome, i.e., periodontitis, this was assessed by calculating a probability score (mPESS) that was recently developed on the basis of self-report questions for the screening and surveillance of periodontitis, already used and validated in several countries. [26][27][28][29][30] However, this remains a self-report measure of the individual probability of suffering from severe periodontitis that cannot be directly translated into a clinical diagnosis. The association between the exposure (alcoholic beverage consumption) and the outcome (self-reported severe periodontitis) was evaluated by taking into account multiple confounders, including several socio-demographic variables that may influence this association.…”

“…Periodontitis was explored by using questions originally proposed in the questionnaire of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP), 26 that has been widely used in several countries for the screening and surveillance of periodontal diseases. [27][28][29] These questions have also been translated into French by using the standardized method of backward translation, tested and re-tested for comprehension, and then validated against a full-mouth clinical periodontal examination to assess their diagnostic accuracy (see Table S1 in online Journal of Periodontology). 30 Moreover, Carra et al developed a user-friendly score to estimate the individual probability to suffer from severe periodontitis, namely the Periodontal Screening Score (PESS), based upon five selected self-report items, including the evaluation of gum and teeth health (categorized into three classes: excellent-to-good, fair, and poor), the treatments received for gum disease (yes/no), the presence of loose tooth (yes/no), the report of having lost bone around teeth (yes/no), and the perception that a tooth does not look right (yes/no).…”

External validation of a rapid, non-invasive tool for periodontitis screening in a medical care setting

“…Previous studies [18,[24][25][26][27][28] in the USA, Spain, France, and Germany were performed in a similar way as the study from Verhulst et al [1]. They all used only SROH questions and demographic data to predict severe periodontitis; no oral examination was needed to predict the periodontal state.…”

The added value of periodontal measurements for identification of diabetes among Saudi adults

“…However, recent studies have shown little progress in using individual or joint perceived measures to identify individuals with periodontal disease 36,37 . Alternative items to those used in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (and thus in this study) have been proposed such as gum bleeding, teeth getting longer, halitosis, use of interdental devices, and food impaction 38‐40 . It is still uncertain whether these items could improve the PPM and will need to be further evaluated.…”