Validation of Self‐Healing Properties of Construction Materials through Nondestructive and Minimal Invasive Testing

Snoeck, Didier; Malm, Fabian; Cnudde, Veerle; Große, Christian U.; Tittelboom, Kim Van

doi:10.1002/admi.201800179

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 234 publications

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“…Concrete possesses a passive healing of its own, called autogenous healing . Other healing mechanisms include the use of protected bacteria (Wang et al, 2014(Wang et al, , 2015, encapsulated polyurethanes (Van Tittelboom et al, 2011, 2012b, microcapsules containing healing agents (Kanellopoulos et al, 2016;Van Tittelboom et al, 2016), other minerals (Sisomphon et al, 2012;Roig-Flores et al, 2015), and a porous vascular system to introduce healing agents (Sangadji and Schlangen, 2012), amongst others (Van Tittelboom and De Belie, 2013;Snoeck et al, 2018b). Generally, autogenous healing is considered to be the combination of further hydration of unhydrated cement and pozzolanic materials, the precipitation of calcium carbonate, the expansion of calcium-silicate-hydrate phases and the closing of cracks to the blockage by loose particles and impurities (Edvardsen, 1999;ter Heide, 2005;Granger et al, 2007;Homma et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autogenous Healing in Strain-Hardening Cementitious Materials With and Without Superabsorbent Polymers: An 8-Year Study

Snoeck

Belie

2019

Front. Mater.

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To obtain a more sustainable concrete, occurring cracks should be repaired. However, as manual repair is time-consuming and expensive, self-healing may provide a proper solution. Autogenous healing is an already a present feature in cementitious materials, but it is an inferior mechanism as it can only completely heal cracks up to 30 µm in the presence of water. Therefore, a cementitious material with synthetic microfibers to limit the crack widths and superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to provide the necessary water was proposed. However, due to ongoing hydration, autogenous healing based on further hydration of unhydrated cement may be less efficient in time. In this study, the ability of autogenous healing in time (on specimens with an age of 7 days, 28 days, 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 8 years) is investigated by comparing the mechanical characteristics after performing four-point-bending tests. The specimens were first loaded to 1% strain at their respective age, stored in a specific healing condition (a relative humidity of 60%, more than 90% and wet/dry cycles) for 28 days and were subsequently reloaded. The results show that, with increasing age, the mean crack width decreases. All specimens can partially heal and regain some of the mechanical properties after being preloaded and re-cracked under four-point-bending. If SAPs are added, there is partial healing in an environment without liquid water (more than 90% RH). At an early age, the healing is governed by further hydration and calcium carbonate crystallization. From 3 months onwards, the main autogenous healing mechanism is calcium carbonate crystallization. Overall, mixtures with SAPs generally showed more self-healing and are thus a promising material to be used in future building applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autogenous Healing in Strain-Hardening Cementitious Materials With and Without Superabsorbent Polymers: An 8-Year Study

Snoeck

Belie

2019

Front. Mater.

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“…Besides primary actuation, [16] traditional piezoelectric d 36 face-shear elements are widely used in stepper or ultrasonic motors, [15] sensors [18,45] and guided-wave nondestructive transducers. [20,21,41,46] The real-time structure health monitoring (SHM) of widespread large plates such as oil pipelines is very challenging in modern industries. And guided fundamental shear horizonal wave (SH 0 ) based inspection technology by distributed shear-mode piezoelectric elements is reported to be one of the most preponderant method for SHM with high energy conversion efficiency and nondispersive characteristic.…”

Section: Enhanced Performance For Shear-type Actuators and Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Artificial Mode to Enable Cofired Integration of Shear‐type Piezoelectric Devices

Yang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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Low‐temperature cofired ceramic technology is the prerequisite for producing advanced integrated piezoelectric devices that enable modern micro‐electromechanical systems because of merits such as high level of compactness and ultralow drive voltage. However, piezoceramic structure with shear‐type outputs, as a most fundamental functional electronic element, has never been successfully fabricated into multilayer form by the cofired method for decades. Technical manufacture requirements of parallel applied electric fields and polarization are theoretically incompatible with intrinsically orthogonal orientations in naturally occurring shear modes. Herein, inspired by the philosophy of building metamaterial from identical unit cells, an artificial prototype device with distinctive patterned electrodes and arrayed piezoceramic subunits is designed and fabricated, which is proved to perfectly generate synthetic face shear deformation. At the same drive voltage, an enhanced shear‐type displacement output by over an order of magnitude is observed beyond previous d15‐mode bulk elements. Further results of guided wave‐based structural health monitoring and force sensing confirm that the methodology wipes out a tough piezoelectric technique barrier, and promises to fundamentally enlighten advances of integrated shear‐mode piezoelectric devices for augmented actuation, sensing, and transduction applications.

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“…Collage of self‐healing materials addressed in the current Special Issue. Reproduced with permission …”

Section: Individual Contributions To the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Healing Materials are Coming of Age

Leeuwenburgh

Belie

Zwaag

2018

Adv Materials Inter

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developed. These concepts were mainly based on trial-and-error and not yet based on thorough understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process of self-healing. During the past decade, however, the field of self-healing materials research has witnessed a gradual trend towards the development of intrinsic and autonomous vs. extrinsic and non-autonomous self-healing materials. This transition has provided the self-healing materials community with a deeper understanding of the key processes which control self-healing in man-made Prof.

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Validation of Self‐Healing Properties of Construction Materials through Nondestructive and Minimal Invasive Testing

Cited by 31 publications

References 234 publications

Autogenous Healing in Strain-Hardening Cementitious Materials With and Without Superabsorbent Polymers: An 8-Year Study

Autogenous Healing in Strain-Hardening Cementitious Materials With and Without Superabsorbent Polymers: An 8-Year Study

Tailoring Artificial Mode to Enable Cofired Integration of Shear‐type Piezoelectric Devices

Self‐Healing Materials are Coming of Age

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