Validation of schistosomiasis morbidity symptoms in schoolchildren of Siavonga, Lake Kariba, Zambia

Mungomba, L. M.; Kalumba, K.

doi:10.1080/00034983.1995.11812973

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A recent study undertaken in Zambia, however, could not find any association between any of the above symptoms and an infection with S. mansoni (Mungomba & Kalumba 1995). Neither did Proietti & Antunes (1989) find significant differences between infected and noninfected groups in Brazil;and Prata (1982) stated that a variety of abdominal symptoms are not necessarily associated with S. mansoni.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Schistosoma mansoni, intestinal parasites and perceived morbidity indicators in schoolchildren in a rural endemic area of western Côte d'Ivoire

Utzinger

Aya

et al. 1998

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryThere is a great need for rapid and low-cost identification of communities at high risk of intestinal schistosomiasis. We report the development of a questionnaire approach that may do so. In the first phase, 209 schoolchildren from 3 neighbouring villages in a rural area endemic for intestinal schistosomiasis in western Côte d'Ivoire were screened for Schistosoma mansoni and other helminths on 4 consecutive days using Kato-Katz thick smears. Daily infection prevalences of S. mansoni were high (60%᎐71%) and the cumulative infection prevalence was 92.3%. Infections with hookworms and Ascaris lumbricoides were also frequent, with cumulative prevalences of 60.8% and 38.3%, respectively. On day 3, the presence of Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar and Giardia lamblia was assessed by a faecal concentration procedure. In the second phase, focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted: in each village one FGD with heavily infected children and one FGD with lightly or S. mansoni-uninfected schoolchildren to assess their perception of morbidity. The aim was to establish local terms indicating S. mansoni infections. 'Diarrhoea', 'blood in the stools', 'stomach disorders' and 4 terms in the local Yacouba/Dioula languages were frequently used by infected children. A simple questionnaire was then developed and the headteachers interviewed all schoolchildren individually. 'Blood in stools', gnon and toto were reported significantly more frequently among moderately and heavily S. mansoni-infected children than by those not or only lightly infected. The term gloujeu indicated borderline significance. The best diagnostic performance was found for 'blood in stool' (sensitivity: 47%; specificity: 76%; positive predictive value: 66%; negative predictive value: 60%). All schistosomiasis infections were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg body weight) and the same questionnaire was re-administered 6 weeks post-treatment. Statistically significantly less children reported having had 'blood in stool' and 'gloujeu' after treatment (McNemar's ( 2 -test, P Ͻ 0.01). We conclude that 'blood in stool', 'gnon', 'toto' and 'gloujeu' are the most reliable reported symptoms for rapid and low-cost identification of communities that are at high risk of S. mansoni infections in Côte d'Ivoire.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Schistosoma mansoni, intestinal parasites and perceived morbidity indicators in schoolchildren in a rural endemic area of western Côte d'Ivoire

Utzinger

Aya

et al. 1998

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The construction of the Kariba dam wall on the Zambezi River bordering Zimbabwe and Zambia is also an example of a man-made hydroelectric construction that led to increased transmission of schistosomiasis. After the dam construction and formation of the lake, studies reported increasing prevalence of human schistosomiasis, as well as Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi, both intermediate gastropod hosts of Schistosoma species, on both the Zimbabwean (Machena, 1988;Chimbari & Chirundu, 2003) and the Zambian (Hira, 1969;Hira, 1970;Mungomba et al, 1993;Mungomba and Kalumba, 1995) sides of Lake Kariba. In more recent years, the prevalence has however decreased in Kariba town as a result of mollusc and schistosomiasis control strategies and improved water sanitation facilities (Chimbari et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than meets the eye: A shift in the gastropod and trematode communities in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe

Muzarabani

Carolus

Hammoud

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Freshwater gastropod-borne trematodes pose a great public health burden and cause major economic losses in the livestock and fish industries. Knowledge on the composition, diversity and ecology of both gastropods and trematodes communities is key to understand disease transmission dynamics and control trematodiases of economic significance. The objective of this study is to investigate the diversity and spatio-temporal ecological trends of gastropod and trematode communities on the Northern shore of Lake Kariba in Zimbabwe, the largest artificial lake in volume worldwide. Methods: A sampling campaign was undertaken at 16 sites along the lake shoreline of Kariba town. Gastropods and water samples were collected monthly during one year. All 2477 specimens were identified, counted and subjected to shedding experiments; infection status was confirmed by the use of a Rapid Diagnostic PCR (RD-PCR). To explain spatio-temporal trends in gastropod and trematode occurrence, water samples were analysed for different physico-chemical parameters including pH, temperature, nitrates and phosphates. Results: Gastropod species collected include Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus forskalii, Gyraulus sp., Pseudosuccinea columella, Radix sp, Physella acuta, Bellamya sp. and Melanoides tuberculata. Bulinus truncatus was found to be infected with trematode species belonging to the families Notocotylidae, Psilostomstidae, Paramphistomidae and Diplostomatidae. A species of the latter family was also found to infect B. forskalii. As previously reported, lymnaeid species P. columella and Radix sp. were both infected with a species belonging to the Fasciolidae family, while Radix sp. was also infected with amphistomes. Conclusions: We confirm the occurrence of new species of gastropods in Lake Kariba and the absence of the previously reported B. pfeifferi and B. globosus. This explains the absence of human schistosome species, but we report the presence of other trematode families that have not been reported in Lake Kariba or Zimbabwe before. Compared to the latest study in 2001, there is a remarkable shift in the gastropod community, which is likely driven by the introduction of exotic gastropod species that are now abundant in the lake.

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“…Schistosomiasis, commonly known as bilharzia, is caused either by Schistosoma haematobium or S. mansoni , and has been reported from various localities since the pre-independence era of the development of the healthcare system [ 12 – 16 ]. Several studies [ 17 , 18 ] have reported cases of schistosomiasis in various parts of the country. Furthermore, earlier studies [ 15 , 19 ] conducted in Siavonga, a town along the shores of Lake Kariba in the southern part of the country, observed an increase in the prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium between 1993 and 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis in Zambia: a systematic review of past and present experiences

2018

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BackgroundThe speedy rate of change in the environmental and socio-economics factors may increase the incidence, prevalence and risk of schistosomiasis infections in Zambia. However, available information does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the biogeography and distribution of the disease, ecology and population dynamics of intermediate host snails. The current study used an information-theoretical approach to understand the biogeography and prevalence schistosomiasis and identified knowledge gaps that would be useful to improve policy towards surveillance and eradication of intermediate hosts snails in Zambia.MethodsTo summarise the existing knowledge and build on past and present experiences of schistosomiasis epidemiology for effective disease control in Zambia, a systematic search of literature for the period 2000–2017 was done on PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCOhost. Using the key words: ‘Schistosomiasis’, ‘Biomphalaria’, ‘Bulinus’, ‘Schistosoma mansoni’, ‘Schistosoma haematobium’, and ‘Zambia’, in combination with Booleans terms ‘AND’ and ‘OR’, published reports/papers were obtained and reviewed independently for inclusion.ResultsThirteen papers published in English that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for the final review. The papers suggest that the risk of infection has increased over the years and this has been attributed to environmental, socio-economic and demographic factors. Furthermore, schistosomiasis is endemic in many parts of the country with infection due to Schistosoma haematobium being more prevalent than that due to S. mansoni. This review also found that S. haematobium was linked to genital lesions, thus increasing risks of contracting other diseases such as HIV and cervical cancer.ConclusionsFor both S. haematobium and S. mansoni, environmental, socio-economic, and demographic factors were influential in the transmission and prevalence of the disease and highlight the need for detailed knowledge on ecological modelling and mapping the distribution of the disease and intermediate host snails for effective implementation of control strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0424-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Validation of schistosomiasis morbidity symptoms in schoolchildren of Siavonga, Lake Kariba, Zambia

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Schistosoma mansoni, intestinal parasites and perceived morbidity indicators in schoolchildren in a rural endemic area of western Côte d'Ivoire

Schistosoma mansoni, intestinal parasites and perceived morbidity indicators in schoolchildren in a rural endemic area of western Côte d'Ivoire

More than meets the eye: A shift in the gastropod and trematode communities in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe

Schistosomiasis in Zambia: a systematic review of past and present experiences

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