Validation of Rapid HIV Antibody Tests in 5 African Countries

Piwowar‐Manning, Estelle; Tustin, Nancy B.; Sikateyo, Physiwell; Kamwendo, Debbie; Chipungu, Chifundo; Maharaj, Rashika; Mushanyu, Jabulani; Richardson, Barbra A.; Hillier, Sharon L.; Jackson, J. Brooks

doi:10.1177/1545109710368151

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding false-positive rates for the rapid test. Some studies report a sensitivity of > 99% and specificity of > 99%, whereas other groups suggest higher rates of false-positive rapid tests (16,(25)(26)(27)(28). Proposed theories for this discordance in the literature may be multifactorial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Seroprevalence Study Using Oral Rapid HIV Testing in a Large Urban Emergency Department

Jain¹,

Lowman²,

Kessler³

et al. 2012

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Seroprevalence Study Using Oral Rapid HIV Testing in a Large Urban Emergency Department

Jain¹,

Lowman²,

Kessler³

et al. 2012

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…On one side we find very simple dipstick-based immunochromatographic (ICT) assays for self-testing, such as the rapid HIV test kits that provide a result in less than 30 min from an oral swab [3]. On the other side we find relatively sophisticated and expensive instruments that are used in hospitals for molecular diagnosis that also require trained personnel for their use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Virological Point-Of-Care Testing for the Developing World

2014

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The goal of point-of-care testing is to provide fast, convenient, and easy-touse diagnostic assays that shorten the turnaround time of intervention. Several diagnostic tests have already migrated from the centralized laboratory to patients' bedside, physician offices and domestic environments in more developed countries. However, the situation is dramatically different in countries of the developing world where lack of facilities and resources still results in diagnosis to be inferred mostly from the symptoms only. Reliable and rapid diagnosis is urgently needed particularly in case of viral diseases with the concrete risk of outbreaks going undetected in the early stages. In this article we will advocate the necessity to implement robust point-of-care testing for viral diseases to overcome the diagnostic gap of less developed countries. Keywordsintroducing point-of-care testing Point-of-care testing (POCT) is generally defined as medical testing at or near the site of patient care, but encompasses a large variety of technologies for very different environments, which all have in common a quick turnaround time between specimen collection and diagnosis [1,2]. On one side we find very simple dipstick-based immunochromatographic (ICT) assays for self-testing, such as the rapid HIV test kits that provide a result in less than 30 min from an oral swab [3]. On the other side we find relatively sophisticated and expensive instruments that are used in hospitals for molecular diagnosis that also require trained personnel for their use. Remaining on the HIV topic, confirmatory testing of seroconversion, measurement of viral load and CD4 + T cells' count all require specific complex laboratory instrumentation. The case of HIV infection is of particular interest because, despite a very efficient specific combination antiretroviral therapy, the virus cannot be eradicated [4]. Poor compliance of treatment leads inevitably to a relapse of viremia and the risk of selecting resistant viruses. Hence, regular monitoring of HIV viral loads during combination antiretroviral therapy is highly recommended and would enormously benefit from quick POCT. Between these two extremes there is a wide range of rapid diagnostic tests that can be performed by minimally trained health workers in the community. The global POCT market is expected to grow steadily in the next years [5]. Manufacturers focus on the development of highly sensitive biosensors, less expensive optical systems, and noninvasive methods to be integrated into POCT devices for better performance. Microfluidic systems based on the lab-on-chip (LOC) concept, along with improved biomarkers, may witness a paradigm shift in the clinical diagnostics industry. But POCT has also the potential to overcome the lack of a widely accessible health-care infrastructure in resource-limited settings. As pointed out in a recent report from the American Academy of Microbiology, "in resource-limited For reprint orders, please contact: reprints@futuremedicine.com Future Virol. (2014) 9(6) 596 revie...

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“…Validation studies previously conducted in five African countries showed that the Abbott Determine kit has a sensitivity of 99.80% and a specificity of 99.40%, and the Trinity Uni-Gold kit has a sensitivity of 98.50% and a specificity of 99.50%. These tests require minimal infrastructure and provide results quickly [40]. 2.…”

Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Factors as a Buffer against the Effects of Syndemic Conditions on HIV Risk and Infection among Tanzanian MSM

Adeboye¹,

Ross²,

Wilkerson³

et al. 2017

J Health Edu Res Dev

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Background: In the extremely homophobic conditions in Tanzania and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionate amounts of both HIV infection and psychosocial health problems, but no research has been conducted to examine the synergistic or additive effects of these adversities on their experiences. While the predominantly deficit-based research approach has identified various HIV risks and vulnerabilities, any naturally occurring protective and resilience factors that these men naturally employ to these health-related adversities remain undetermined.

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Validation of Rapid HIV Antibody Tests in 5 African Countries

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Seroprevalence Study Using Oral Rapid HIV Testing in a Large Urban Emergency Department

Seroprevalence Study Using Oral Rapid HIV Testing in a Large Urban Emergency Department

Virological Point-Of-Care Testing for the Developing World

Resilience Factors as a Buffer against the Effects of Syndemic Conditions on HIV Risk and Infection among Tanzanian MSM

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