Validation of prediction models for estimating the moisture content of logging residues during storage

Routa, Johanna; Kolström, Marja; Ruotsalainen, Johanna; Sikanen, Lauri

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.019

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In natural drying, fuel wood is often kept in storage too long in order to guarantee that it is dry enough (Nurmi 2014;Routa et al 2015b). This increases storage levels and due to that, also the capital costs of procurement and dry matter losses of stored material increase (Nurmi 2014;Routa et al 2015b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In natural drying, the environmental conditions are a very important parts of the drying process (Röser et al 2011;Laurila 2013;Wolfsmayr and Rauch 2014;Erber et al 2014;Pochi et al 2015;Routa et al 2015a;Routa et al 2015b;Anisimov et al 2017;Erber et al 2017;). Natural drying is most efficient during the spring and summer and covering the piles helps to maintain a lower moisture content during the winter (Röser et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-feasibility study of supply systems based on artificial drying of delimbed stem forest chips

Laitila¹,

Ahtikoski²,

Repola³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• With artificial drying and quick delivery, avoiding dry material losses of harvested timber, it could be possible to reduce the current costs of the prevailing procurement system based on natural drying of stored timber at roadside landings.• The maximum cost for the prospective drying process of fresh chips corresponds to, e.g., organization costs or stumpage price of delimbed stems. AbstractThis study was aimed at determining the maximum cost level of artificial drying required for cost-efficient operation. This was done using a system analysis approach, in which the harvesting potential and procurement cost of alternative fuel chip production systems were compared at the stand and regional level. The accumulation and procurement cost of chipped delimbed stems from young forests were estimated within a 100 km transport distance from a hypothetical end use facility located in northern Finland. Logging and transportation costs, stumpage prices, tied up capital, dry matter losses and moisture content of harvested timber were considered in the study. Moisture content of artificially dried fuel chips made of fresh timber (55%) was set to 20%, 30% and 40% in the comparisons. Moisture content of fuel chips based on natural drying during storing was 40%. Transporting costs were calculated according to new higher permissible dimensions and weight limits for truck-trailers. The procurement cost calculations indicated that with artificial drying and by avoiding dry material losses of timber, it could be possible to reduce current costs of the prevailing procurement system based on natural drying of timber at roadside landings. The maximum cost level of artificial drying ranged between 1.2-3.2 € MWh -1 depending on the supply chain, moisture content and procurement volume of fuel chips. This cost margin corresponds to, e.g., organization, forwarding and transportation costs or stumpage price of delimbed stems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-feasibility study of supply systems based on artificial drying of delimbed stem forest chips

Laitila¹,

Ahtikoski²,

Repola³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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“…Since the quality of the forest fuel is of great importance in energy conversion efficiency of the supplied biomass, a lot of effort has been addressed to improve the quality of forest biomass for energy (Andersson et al 2002, Hakkila 2004, Pettersson & Nordfjell 2007, Routa et al 2016. The characteristic most influencing quality regarding the efficiency of the whole supply chain of forest chips is moisture content (Hakkila 2004, Röser et al 2011, Routa et al 2016).…”

Section: Fuel Quality Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characteristic most influencing quality regarding the efficiency of the whole supply chain of forest chips is moisture content (Hakkila 2004, Röser et al 2011, Routa et al 2016). According to Hakkila (2004), moisture has a negative impact in regard to transport efficiency and its costs, heat value of fuel, combustion efficiency, combustion emissions, dry matter losses during storage as well as handling functionality especially during the frost period in winter.…”

Section: Fuel Quality Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A better understanding of material dissipation during storage in terms of microbial activity or spillage of material due to handling and storing (Routa et al 2015, Routa et al 2016) and the influence of dry matter loss on the forest chip supply efficiency (Kinnunen 2016 has raised the importance of monitoring and controlling material losses within the supply chain of forest chips. For example, according to Kinnunen (2016), the use of a "fast-track approach" with minimized storage times for forest chips, supply costs could be decreased by 8-13% compared with conventional chip supply depending on the speed of decomposing.…”

Section: Fuel Quality Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Väätäinen¹

2018

Diss. For.

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3Väätäinen K. (2018). Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics. Dissertationes Forestales 250. 75p. https://doi.org/10.14214/df.250 ABSTRACTThe overall aim of the thesis was to design efficient supply chain setups in the selected supply environments by enhancing overall supply system performance, decreasing supply costs and improving year-round working opportunities by taking fuel properties through the supply chain into account. The supply chain re-engineering approach has been used with a narrowed focus, where logistics and inventory, material handling and delivery of forest chips to heat and power plant as well as the customer's desideratum have been considered. The studied supply chains were all based on the transportation of forest biomass as chipped from roadside storage locations either directly to power plant or via terminal or inland waterway harbour to power plant by chip truck or a combination of barge and chip truck.Discrete event simulation was selected as a study method due to the characteristics of the forest chip supply chains including the high level of interactions between system elements and the specific characteristics of the supply environment. The data required for the model development and models' parameter input values were acquired from the available data of the real system and from the literature.To enhance the performance of the forest chip supply chain from roadside storage locations to end-use facilities, the following results and conclusions were obtained: 1) Rearrangements in the set-up of fuel reception stations and the logistics of fuel truck reception at the power plant as well as adaptive shift scheduling of trucks resulted in a notable decrease in the waiting times of fuel trucks at the power plant's fuel reception. 2) Forest chip supply from roadside storage locations highly encourages the use of storage area location and quality information for smart material allocation to achieve a higher energy output with lower supply costs, especially when the demand for fuel is at its highest.3) By introducing a feed-in terminal for forest chip supply, cost compensation for additional terminal-driven costs can be gained through a higher annual capacity utilisation of a fuel supply fleet and more secured fuel supply to power plants by decreasing the need for supplemental fuel, which can be more expensive at times when fuel demand is at its highest. Terminal-aided forest chip supply facilitates smoother working throughout the year in the chipping and transporting of forest chips, thus offering more stable working opportunities than a conventional direct supply of forest chips. 4) Inland waterway areas with existing waterway infrastructure and close connections to biomass resources and enduse facilities can offer a cost-competitive and supplemental method for the long distance transport of forest chips. Reshaping the conventional fleet used for waterway transport and restructuring the logistics of waterway transportation together with harbour ope...

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Bioenergy Feedstock Types and Properties

Tumuluru

2020

Biomass Densification

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Validation of prediction models for estimating the moisture content of logging residues during storage

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Pre-feasibility study of supply systems based on artificial drying of delimbed stem forest chips

Pre-feasibility study of supply systems based on artificial drying of delimbed stem forest chips

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Bioenergy Feedstock Types and Properties

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