Validation of near‐shore wind measurements using a dual scanning light detection and ranging system

Shimada, Shinichi; Kogaki, Tetsuya; Konagaya, Mizuki; Mito, Toshinari; Araki, Ryuzou; Ueda, Yuko; Ohsawa, Teruo

doi:10.1002/we.2757

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cheynet et al (2021) used a sLiDAR with a fixed line-of-sight (LOS) at a fixed elevation angle and discussed the vertical profile of the radial wind speed (RWS) along the LOS with the limitations that the vertical profile is measured over a large horizontal distance. Shimada et al (2020) and Shimada et al (2022) successfully validated a method to use a sLiDAR from the shore to probe the horizontal wind speed (HWS) at a single height above the water surface using a PPI scan (Plane Position Index). These experiments are promising and efforts are still needed to measure reliable vertical profiles of the HWS near the coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and analysis of high altitude wind profiles over the sea in a coastal zone using a scanning wind LiDAR – application to wind energy

Conan,

Visich

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The lack of observations at heights relevant to the wind energy industry is a major challenge for the development of the next generation offshore wind turbines expected to operate within the first tens kilometres from the coast with turbine tip reaching more than 250 m. Observations in the coastal zone, complex by its very nature as being the site of sea breezes, low-level jets, land/sea transition, are key for both understanding the marine atmospheric boundary layer processes interacting with the turbine and to the parametrization of the wind profile well above the surface layer. These needs face the difficulties of measuring in the region 150–500 m and above the sea surface. In this paper, we present an original methodology to measure the 10-min averaged wind profile at 1.5 km offshore using a scanning doppler LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) installed inland. The validated methodology provides a well resolved vertical profile of the horizontal wind speed and direction up to 500 m above the sea. The methodology is implemented in a 7 month test campaign in the northeastern Atlantic coast. The analysis of the wind conditions shows a proportion of low-level jets, whose origin is discussed, of 15.5 % mainly coming from land and at night with a core well inside the rotor area of a 10 MW wind turbine. Wind shear events above the design values are observed 30 % of the time and provide a third of the total power production. High shear events are shown to be more probable during low-level jet (68 % of the time) compared to non low-level jet events (22 %). The description of low-level jets and high shear events is key as they are situations where the wind profile differs from the standard values used for wind turbine design and may affect the load and fatigue predictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and analysis of high altitude wind profiles over the sea in a coastal zone using a scanning wind LiDAR – application to wind energy

Conan,

Visich

2023

Preprint

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“…1 Introduction Due to their high flexibility and range, long range scanning lidars offer great potential for many applications in the wind industry. They can perform high accuracy measurements of the wind conditions in distances up to several kilometres [1][2][3][4]. In recent years they have been used extensively in experiments characterising wind conditions and flow for wind energy application and research such as wakes [5][6][7][8], complex terrain effects [9,10], blockage [11] or power curve verification [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Alignment calibration and correction for offshore wind measurements using scanning lidars

Gramitzky,

Jäger,

Hildebrand

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Long range scanning lidars offer great potential to measure wind characteristics for a variety of application in offshore wind energy. In order to derive accurate wind measurements it is critical to thoroughly calibrate the beam alignment. In offshore environments, the pitch and roll angle of a scanning lidar can be determined from sea surface levelling (SSL). This paper compares two methods to perform SSL, a method based on PPI scans and a novel method using RHI scans. Moreover, a previously described method to identify the distance at which the laser beam enters the water is extended to be applicable to larger measurement distances. Based on data from an offshore campaign in the North Sea, the differences between the RHI and PPI methods and their sensitivity to the selected elevation angles (PPI) and distances (RHI) are analysed. It is shown that both SSL methods prove to be robust for determining pitch and roll for all examined settings. The average results of the two methods show only minor differences. The standard deviation across all settings and both methods is 0.010° for pitch and 0.024° for roll. Compared to typically observed platform movements introduced by thrust on the wind turbine, the differences between different SSL settings are small. Comparison of the platform movements measured by the high sensitivity inclinometer and SSL shows that even slight differences in pitch and roll can be detected by SSL. This indicates a high level of accuracy for both methods investigated.

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“…For offshore deployment, profiling LiDARs installed on the floating buoys are considered as economic alternative to the conventional met-masts (Viselli et al, 2019). Single or dual scanning LiDARs on the other hand are being deployed at coasts to perform measurement at near-shore offshore sites (Shimada et al, 2020(Shimada et al, , 2022. However, LiDARs can only measure wind speed components along the beam direction, commonly known as radial wind speed (u r ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Newsom et al (2015) compared the wind data retrieved from dual-Doppler LiDAR measurement against the measurement of sonic anemometer installed on the 60 m tall met-mast and reported the correlation coefficient of 0.97 for mean wind speed and difference of less than 0.1 • for wind direction. In their validation campaign of dual scanning LiDAR, Shimada et al (2022) reported that in addition to 10-min average wind speeds and directions, the system could also give turbulence intensity values comparable to…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction and Evaluation of a Single-scanning LiDAR-based wind Field Measurements using LES

Taguchi,

Goit,

Kameda

2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Doppler LiDARs are considered as promising alternative to meteorological masts for wind resource assessments for wind energy application. The current study models a single scanning LiDAR-based wind field measurements in the LES and quantify the effect of scan parameters, i.e, measurement range, azimuth and elevation angles and wind direction on the accuracy of two-parameter velocity volume processing (VVP) method for computing velocity vectors from radial wind speeds. The mean wind speeds computed from LiDAR measurements show good agreement with the original LES data. The error increases with the measurement range, but it decreases with azimuth range, with θrange = 60° giving the most accurate mean wind speeds among the three azimuth range considered in this study. The wind direction did not particularly effect the accuracy of the mean wind speed estimation, though larger difference between wind direction and scan direction results in increased variation in the VVP fitting. The effect of elevation angle is investigated with lower elevation angle scan of 3.4°. Although stronger shear near the ground led to larger difference between the LiDAR and LES data, for higher points the effect of vertical shear on mean wind speeds is not significant. In terms of turbulence intensities, the two-parameter VVP significantly underestimates their values for all the case considered in this study. This is because a significant fraction of the fluctuating components is filtered out while fitting the data over the scan arc. The study therefore, proposes an improvement to the conventional VVP method, based on the Reynolds decomposition of wind speed components. Turbulence intensities estimated using this method show higher degree of variation, though the accuracy improved with increasing azimuth range.

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Validation of near‐shore wind measurements using a dual scanning light detection and ranging system

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Measurement and analysis of high altitude wind profiles over the sea in a coastal zone using a scanning wind LiDAR – application to wind energy

Measurement and analysis of high altitude wind profiles over the sea in a coastal zone using a scanning wind LiDAR – application to wind energy

Alignment calibration and correction for offshore wind measurements using scanning lidars

Reconstruction and Evaluation of a Single-scanning LiDAR-based wind Field Measurements using LES

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