Validation of hippocampal biomarkers of cumulative affective experience

Poirier, Colline; Bateson, Melissa; Gualtieri, Fabio; Armstrong, Elena A.; Laws, Grace C.; Boswell, Timothy; Smulders, Tom V.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.024

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Data and tissue-sharing offer opportunities for more efficient use of information collected from animals and may avoid unnecessary repetition. With respect to refinement, researchers are increasingly implementing training protocols, so that animals cooperate, which reduces the stress of routine procedures, for example blood sampling, and are working on better methods of assessing cumulative impacts of research protocols on welfare, for example through better scoring systems [49] and, possible new markers of stress such as telomere attrition [50] and hippocampal neurogenesis [51,52]. Anaesthesia is now standard [53], but itself can also have a welfare impact [54,55], needs to be carried out well and by trained personnel and there is still work to be done to develop appropriate analgesia regimens.…”

Section: The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change

Hubrecht

Carter

2019

Animals

279

169

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Simple SummaryThe 3Rs: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch, have become synonymous with the measures to improve the welfare of animals used in research and are now used as an ethical framework for improving laboratory animal welfare throughout the world. This introduction to a special issue on the 3Rs explains how a non-confrontational and scientific approach led to their development, and briefly summarizes their adoption around the world.AbstractIn 1959, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) Scholars Russell & Burch published the Principles of Humane Experimental Technique in which they laid out the principles of the Three Rs. However, the Three Rs owed much to others. It was UFAW and, in particular, UFAW’s Founder and Director, Major Charles Hume who identified the problem that needed to be tackled, and who developed the non-confrontational approach that was needed to both formulate the questions that needed answers and to obtain the answers from the research community. Russell & Burch’s work was also guided by an expert scientific and technical committee chaired by the Nobel Prize winner Sir Peter Medawar. This essay describes the history of the Three Rs using publications by the protagonists and others as well as material from UFAW’s archives. It describes the background to the employment of Russell & Burch, the methodology of Russell & Burch’s approach and the impact of their work up to the present day—where the Three Rs are incorporated in legislation throughout the world.

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Section: The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change

Hubrecht

Carter

2019

Animals

279

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It has been suggested that markers of cumulative affective experience of an animal might be found in the hippocampus, the part of the brain involved in learning, memory, and stress regulation (Bateson and Poirier, 2019). Support for the validity of two macroscopic (the size of the hippocampus and the amount of grey matter in the anterior/ventral hippocampus) and two microscopic (the rate of neurogenesis and the structural characteristics of mature neuronal cell bodies) categories of hippocampal biomarkers is well-reviewed by Poirier et al (2019). Examples of this support include that hippocampal biomarkers correlate with psychological concepts such as subjective wellbeing in humans, which is close to the concept of cumulative affective experience ( Van't Ent et al, 2017).…”

Section: Hippocampal Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Positive Welfare Protocol for Cattle: A Critical Review of Indicators and Suggestion of How We Might Proceed

et al. 2021

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Current animal welfare protocols focus on demonstrating the absence (or at least low levels) of indicators of poor welfare, potentially creating a mismatch between what is expected by society (an assurance of good animal welfare) and what is actually being delivered (an assurance of the absence of welfare problems). This paper explores how far we have come, and what work still needs to be done, if we are to develop a protocol for use on commercial dairy farms where the aim is to demonstrate the presence of positive welfare. Following conceptual considerations around a perceived “ideal” protocol, we propose that a future protocol should be constructed (i) of animal-based measures, (ii) of indicators of affective state, and (iii) be structured according to indicators of short-term emotion, medium-term moods and long-term cumulative assessment of negative and positive experiences of an animal's life until now (in contrast to the current focus on indicators that represent different domains/criteria of welfare). These three conditions imposed the overall structure within which we selected our indicators. The paper includes a critical review of the literature on potential indicators of positive affective states in cattle. Based on evidence about the validity and reliability of the different indicators, we select ear position, play, allogrooming, brush use and QBA as candidate indicators that we suggest could form a prototype positive welfare protocol. We emphasise that this prototype protocol has not been tested in practice and so it is perhaps not the protocol itself that is the main outcome of this paper, but the process of trying to develop it. In a final section of this paper, we reflect on some of the lessons learnt from this exercise and speculate on future perspectives. For example, while we consider we have moved towards a prototype positive welfare protocol for short-term affective states, future research energy should be directed towards valid indicators for the medium and long-term.

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“…MRI can also be used to assess NHP psychological well-being, in addition to the monitoring of physiological health as described earlier. Indeed, a recent analysis suggests that measures of hippocampal volume or hippocampal local amount of gray matter allow tracking NHP well-being over months or years ( Poirier et al, 2019 ). This MRI-based measures of welfare assessment presents many advantages: (1) they correlate with subjective psychological well-being and moods in humans; (2) they are sensitive to anti-depressant drugs in animal models, including NHPs; (3) they are sensitive to both deterioration and improvement of NHP well-being, changing in opposite directions depending of the valence of the experience (hippocampal plasticity increases with a positive experience and decreases with a negative one); (4) they are dose-dependent, the magnitude of the effect increasing with the duration or the number of positive or negative events an animal has been exposed to; (5) their sensitivity does not seem to be restricted to events that happened during early life, as they seem to detect exposure to positive and negative events during adulthood as well; (6) they are insensitive to short-lived variation in an individual well-being (plasticity changes within the hippocampus need to accumulate over several weeks to be detectable with MRI); and 7) they can be measured using a standard T1 weighted image (the sensitivity of the measure will nevertheless depend of the quality and resolution of the image), with some software providing the measure automatically (hippocampus volume only).…”

Section: Combining Behavioral and Imaging Assessment Of Well-being Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using non-invasive neuroimaging to enhance the care, well-being and experimental outcomes of laboratory non-human primates (monkeys)

et al. 2021

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Over the past 10–20 years, neuroscience witnessed an explosion in the use of non-invasive imaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to study brain structure and function. Simultaneously, with access to MRI in many research institutions, MRI has become an indispensable tool for researchers and veterinarians to guide improvements in surgical procedures and implants and thus, experimental as well as clinical outcomes, given that access to MRI also allows for improved diagnosis and monitoring for brain disease. As part of the PRIMEatE Data Exchange, we gathered expert scientists, veterinarians, and clinicians who treat humans, to provide an overview of the use of non-invasive imaging tools, primarily MRI, to enhance experimental and welfare outcomes for laboratory non-human primates engaged in neuroscientific experiments. We aimed to provide guidance for other researchers, scientists and veterinarians in the use of this powerful imaging technology as well as to foster a larger conversation and community of scientists and veterinarians with a shared goal of improving the well-being and experimental outcomes for laboratory animals.

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Validation of hippocampal biomarkers of cumulative affective experience

Cited by 20 publications

References 124 publications

The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change

The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change

Towards a Positive Welfare Protocol for Cattle: A Critical Review of Indicators and Suggestion of How We Might Proceed

Using non-invasive neuroimaging to enhance the care, well-being and experimental outcomes of laboratory non-human primates (monkeys)

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