Validation of dried blood spots in monitoring toxoplasmosis

Hegazy, Mamdouh M.; Hegazy, Mona K.; Azab, Manar S; Nabih, Nairmen

doi:10.1080/20477724.2020.1765125

Cited by 3 publications

(19 citation statements)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-two (89%) reported the methodology used to elute the DBS samples [14,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][35][36][37][39][40][41][42][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. The shortest incubation period of the DBS in elution buffer (50 μl 0.05% PBS/Tween-20) was 30 minutes [42] and the longest incubation period of the DBS in elution buffer (700 μl and 300 μl PBS/0.05% BSA) was 18-24 hours [17]) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Elution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve papers reported on Chagas disease [35], Epstein-Barr virus [36], HPV, H. pylori, hepatitis C and polyomavirus [37], Strongyloidiasis [39], pertussis [41], hepatitis E [56], Vibrio cholera [2], measles, mumps and rubella [42], tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus [43], toxoplasmosis [44], trypanosoma [45], Covid-19 [52], respectively. Twelve studies were conducted in Europe [14,18,21,27,29,30,35,[41][42][43]50,52], four in North America [19,20,32,36], eleven in South America [15][16][17]22,24,34,38,39,48,49,51], seven in Africa [23,25,26,31,40,44,45] and five in Asia [28,33,…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty of the studies used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [14][15][16][17]19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][29][30][31][32]34,36,38,39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][49][50][51][52] with the one study using the Luminex 100 [37] or a combination of Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA), Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) and ELISA [40]. Two studies used the architect system [27,35] as a detection method and two studies used chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) either alone [18] or in combination with ELISA [20].…”

Section: Diagnostic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Thirty-three of the included studies reported the sensitivity[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][30][31][32][33][34][35]37,40,42,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and twenty-six reported the specificity[14,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][30][31][32][33]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reliability of dried blood spot (DBS) cards in antibody measurement: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Increasingly, vaccine efficacy studies are being recommended in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC), yet often facilities are unavailable to take and store infant blood samples correctly. Dried blood spots (DBS), are useful for collecting blood from infants for diagnostic purposes, especially in low-income settings, as the amount of blood required is miniscule and no refrigeration is required. Little is known about their utility for antibody studies in children. This systematic review aims to investigate the correlation of antibody concentrations against infectious diseases in DBS in comparison to serum or plasma samples that might inform their use in vaccine clinical trials. Methods and findings We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane library for relevant studies between January 1990 to October 2020 with no language restriction, using PRISMA guidelines, investigating the correlation between antibody concentrations in DBS and serum or plasma samples, and the effect of storage temperature on DBS diagnostic performance. We included 40 studies in this systematic review. The antibody concentration in DBS and serum/plasma samples reported a good pooled correlation, (r2 = 0.86 (ranged 0.43 to 1.00)). Ten studies described a decline of antibody after 28 days at room temperature compared to optimal storage at -20°C, where antibodies were stable for up to 200 days. There were only five studies of anti-bacterial antibodies. Conclusions There is a good correlation between antibody concentrations in DBS and serum/plasma samples, supporting the wider use of DBS in vaccine and sero-epidemiological studies, but there is limited data on anti-bacterial antibodies. The correct storage of DBS is critical and may be a consideration for longer term storage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of dried blood spot (DBS) cards in antibody measurement: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Taming Digital Influence: Hypernudging and the Role for European Competition Law

Morozovaitė

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This dissertation examines hypernudging – a sophisticated form of user influencing online - within the context of big technology companies and their prominent role in shaping digital markets. Digital platforms are increasingly adopting user influencing practices to encourage engagement and spending, sometimes to the detriment of the users. This research takes the form of a legal and normative assessment of the role that European competition law should play in addressing the challenges posed by hypernudging by big technology companies. The thesis unfolds through three interrelated themes. Firstly, it defines hypernudging in its multiple aspects by establishing a consolidated framework and situating these practices within the transdisciplinary debate on user influencing, underscoring the risks of individual and collective harm. Secondly, the study examines hypernudging in the context of the abuse of dominance prohibition under European competition law. Using case studies in the ad tech and voice assistant markets, it shows that hypernudging can facilitate exclusionary self-preferencing behavior by powerful firms. Furthermore, a case study on political microtargeting takes a normative perspective to question the boundaries of European competition law. It underlines the need for balancing between efficiency and democratic considerations, particularly as big technology companies extend their influence into the political sphere. Finally, hypernudging is situated within the EU's digital policy agenda, highlighting the complexities policymakers face in regulating digital markets. While existing competition law theories can be applied to hypernudging, a normative stance advocates for an expanded role that facilitates the co-creation of digital markets in line with EU values.

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Modern Serological Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis: Literature Review

Мицура¹

2022

Клиническая Инфектология И Паразитология

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Представлен обзор литературных источников на английском и русском языках, посвященный оценке значения серологических методов лабораторной диагностики токсоплазмоза на современном этапе. Для диагностики токсоплазмоза необходимы лабораторные исследования, поскольку клинические проявления очень разнообразны. Токсоплазмоз у иммунокомпетентных лиц можно диагностировать с помощью серологических тестов (например, иммуноферментного анализа). Выявление специфических антител к T. gondii классов IgM и IgG позволяет определить факт инфицирования, однако не всегда возможно с их помощью диагностировать острую инфекцию. Для повышения эффективности диагностики острой или недавней инфекции используют определение авидности антител IgG, исследование на антитела класса IgA. Разработаны новые методики, основанные на использовании рекомбинантных антигенов токсоплазмы, иммунохроматографические тесты, исследование слюны и др. Следует стремиться к максимально ранней диагностике острого инфицирования токсоплазмой беременных и использовать для этого все имеющиеся возможности серологической диагностики. A review of literature sources in English and Russian is presented, devoted to the assessment of the significance of serological methods for the laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis at the present time. Laboratory tests are necessary to diagnose toxoplasmosis, since the clinical manifestations are very diverse. Toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals can be diagnosed using serological tests (eg, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Detection of specific antibodies against T. gondii of the IgM and IgG classes makes it possible to determine the fact of infection, but it is not always possible to diagnose an acute infection by them. To improve the efficiency of diagnosing an acute or recent infection, the detection of the avidity of IgG antibodies, the study of antibodies of the IgA class, are used. New methods have been developed based on the use of recombinant toxoplasma antigens, immunochromatographic tests, saliva testing, and others. It is necessary to strive for the earliest possible diagnosis of acute infection with Toxoplasma in pregnant women and use all available possibilities for serological diagnosis for this.

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Validation of dried blood spots in monitoring toxoplasmosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Reliability of dried blood spot (DBS) cards in antibody measurement: A systematic review

Reliability of dried blood spot (DBS) cards in antibody measurement: A systematic review

Taming Digital Influence: Hypernudging and the Role for European Competition Law

Modern Serological Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis: Literature Review

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