Validation of Digital Image Representations of Low-Illumination Scenes

Krauss, David A.; Kuzel, Michael; Arndt, Steven R.; Delahunt, Peter B.

doi:10.4271/2006-01-1288

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In combination with careful recording of visible scene details to calibrate night videos, it was found that a group of test subjects could see the same critical information in a video depiction as when viewing the actual scene at which the video was made (Ayres & Kayfetz, 2010). Krauss et al (2006) found that the higher-frequency spatial components introduced by using square waves modulation rather than sinusoidal luminance modulation did not affect visibility, confirming empirically that the harmonics have higher contrast thresholds than the fundamental frequencies.…”

Section: Figure 1 Visual Test Chart Presenting 6 Contrast Levels At supporting

confidence: 70%

Calibrating a Contrast-Sensitivity Test Chart for Validating Visual Representations

Ayres¹,

Kubose²

2015

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Because of differences between how a human and a camera (or digital recording system) acquire and process information, a representation (e.g., a photograph) of a scene may vary in how accurately it portrays what a human would perceive, particularly at low illumination levels. Ayres (1996) described a methodology by which a representation can be matched to observations made at the scene. Central to this process is the utilization of a reference chart to validate the representation. The efficacy of the original chart has been documented empirically; however, its utility can be restricted under certain lighting and viewing conditions. The current paper introduces and tests new reference charts designed to offer a wider range of applicability and with finer gradations of contrast. The new charts were found to be useful at illumination levels ranging from approximately 0.05 to 10.0 footcandles. Potential applications for the charts, including forensic purposes, are discussed.

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Section: Figure 1 Visual Test Chart Presenting 6 Contrast Levels At supporting

confidence: 70%

Calibrating a Contrast-Sensitivity Test Chart for Validating Visual Representations

Ayres¹,

Kubose²

2015

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…The photograph was taken using a flash, but the test environment was much darker. It is not possible to present the image as was seen by the subjects in the study since the authors cannot control how this paper will be printed or displayed on a computer monitor, see Krauss et al, 2006, for a discussion of proper presentation of low-illumination photographs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who's in the Back Seat? A Study of Driver Inattention

Arndt

Wood

Delahunt

et al. 2006

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Objects that are readily detectable and visible are not always noticed. Demonstrating the difficulty of detecting objects in a scene to people who are already expecting to see them and are aware of the objects' presence poses a challenge. In the following study, two conspicuous objects were placed in the back seat of a sport utility vehicle (SUV). The study parameters were selected in an attempt to replicate a situation involved in a criminal investigation, to test the hypothesis that drivers routinely check the back seat of the car before driving away, and to determine the likelihood of drivers noticing what would seem to be a salient set of objects in the rear seat. Two child-sized mannequins were placed in a prone position on the back seat of a large SUV. Naïve subjects were asked to get in and drive the SUV 1.6 miles around a closed track at night. Twentyseven out of 30 participants failed to notice the mannequins in the vehicle. Visual performance limitations, environmental expectations and "inattentional blindness" effects can account for the results and are discussed in this paper.

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“…In a recent paper, Krauss, et al (2006) describe a method for using digital photography for accurately depicting low-illumination scenes. The method, which was experimentally validated, requires careful control of the camera and the display device.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the hardware question is addressed, video can be shot using a similar methodology as the method outlined by Krauss et al (2006). A controlled contrast chart can be viewed by an observer at various points in the scene and on the video.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Technologies for Studying Visual Perception under Low-Illumination Conditions

Krauss

Kuzel

Cassidy³

et al. 2006

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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A method for replicating low-illumination scenes with photography is critical to studying and understanding how people perceive poorly lit environments. The method can be used for post hoc accident analyses as well as ad hoc evaluations of safety in dark areas. The ability to photographically replicate conditions at such scenes for subsequent scrutiny is useful for accident reconstruction and safety analysis. This paper reviews the past, present and future of these methodologies from film photography to digital photography to digital video, including high-definition and high-definition 3D formats. Pros and cons of various methods and technologies are discussed.

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Validation of Digital Image Representations of Low-Illumination Scenes

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Calibrating a Contrast-Sensitivity Test Chart for Validating Visual Representations

Calibrating a Contrast-Sensitivity Test Chart for Validating Visual Representations

Who's in the Back Seat? A Study of Driver Inattention

A Review of Technologies for Studying Visual Perception under Low-Illumination Conditions

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