Validation of Deep Learning–based Augmentation for Reduced ¹⁸F-FDG Dose for PET/MRI in Children and Young Adults with Lymphoma

Artificial Intelligence for Radiation Dose Optimization in Pediatric Radiology: A Systematic Review

“…Sixteen articles met the selection criteria and were included in this review. Table 1 shows these study characteristics [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. All but one article were published in the last two years, representing that the AI for dose optimization in pediatric radiology has only just become popular [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…Table 1 shows these study characteristics [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. All but one article were published in the last two years, representing that the AI for dose optimization in pediatric radiology has only just become popular [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Nearly all (14) studies were determined high quality [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and the lower quality ones were “pure” phantom studies [ 2 , 3 ].…”

“…All but one article were published in the last two years, representing that the AI for dose optimization in pediatric radiology has only just become popular [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Nearly all (14) studies were determined high quality [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and the lower quality ones were “pure” phantom studies [ 2 , 3 ]. All studies used the DL technique [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and were conducted by 12 groups of researchers from USA ( n = 8) [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ...…”

“…Nearly all (14) studies were determined high quality [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and the lower quality ones were “pure” phantom studies [ 2 , 3 ]. All studies used the DL technique [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and were conducted by 12 groups of researchers from USA ( n = 8) [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], People’s Republic of China ( n = 6) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 16 ], Republic of Korea ( n = 5) [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 15 ], Germany ( n = 2) [ 4 , 14 ], and Japan ( n ...…”

“…Radiology is an indispensable part of modern healthcare. However, most of the medical imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and general radiography, use ionizing radiation for image production [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Although the radiation dose involved in these imaging modalities is low (<100 mSv), and their real risk is unclear, some epidemiologic and biologic studies have demonstrated that these radiological examinations can cause cancers [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”